Catnip, scientifically known as Nepeta cataria, is a perennial herb from the mint family that has long been celebrated for its unique effects on cats. However, beyond its feline allure, catnip offers a range of health benefits for humans that are supported by scientific research. This aromatic plant contains compounds such as nepetalactone, thymol, and pinene, which contribute to its medicinal properties. From promoting better sleep and reducing anxiety to aiding digestion and soothing colds, catnip has been used traditionally and continues to be valued in modern herbal medicine. In this article, we delve into the science-backed health benefits of catnip, exploring how this versatile herb can enhance human well-being.

What is Catnip?

Catnip is a plant renowned for its unique effects on cats and its insect-repellent properties. The primary active compound in catnip is nepetalactone, a volatile iridoid that not only excites cats but also serves as an effective repellent against various insects, including mosquitoes and cockroaches. Studies have shown that catnip oil can repel mosquitoes more effectively than DEET, a common chemical in insect repellents. Additionally, catnip has been found to repel stable flies and houseflies, making it a potential tool for filth fly management in urban settings. The plant’s adaptive function is believed to protect it from phytophagous insects, thereby enhancing its survival. Beyond its insect-repellent properties, catnip has been used in traditional medicine for treating colds, headaches, and skin rashes, particularly in Asian cultures. The evolutionary origins of nepetalactone in catnip involve complex mechanisms of enzyme and genome evolution, highlighting the plant’s unique chemical diversity.

Overview of Catnip’s Active Compounds

Catnip is renowned for its active compounds, primarily nepetalactone, which is responsible for the characteristic effects on both cats and humans. Nepetalactone, a volatile oil found in the leaves and stems, binds to olfactory receptors in cats, triggering a euphoric response similar to sex pheromones. In humans, nepetalactone exhibits calming properties, aiding in the relief of anxiety and insomnia. Besides nepetalactone, catnip contains other essential oils and compounds such as citronellol and geraniol, which contribute to its insect-repellent properties and potential therapeutic benefits. These compounds interact with the body by binding to specific receptors, influencing the nervous system to produce sedative and antispasmodic effects, and offering antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory benefits.

Catnip for Humans vs. Cats

Catnip elicits markedly different effects in cats and humans due to variations in physiological responses. In cats, the primary active compound, nepetalactone, triggers a euphoric reaction by binding to olfactory receptors, leading to behaviors such as rolling, flipping, and hyperactivity, akin to a mild hallucinogenic effect. Conversely, in humans, catnip acts as a mild sedative and antispasmodic, offering health benefits such as anxiety relief, improved sleep, and digestive aid. While cats experience a temporary state of heightened sensory stimulation, humans benefit from the herb’s calming and soothing properties, highlighting the distinct ways in which catnip interacts with different species’ nervous systems.

Science backed health benefits of Catnip 

From reducing anxiety and promoting better sleep to aiding digestion and enhancing skin health, catnip’s therapeutic properties are vast and varied. In this article, we will explore the top science-backed health benefits of catnip, shedding light on how this humble herb can contribute to overall well-being. Whether you’re looking for natural remedies to improve your health or simply curious about the medicinal uses of catnip, read on to discover its remarkable benefits.

1. Reduces Stress and Anxiety

Catnip a member of the mint family, is well-known for its ability to reduce stress and anxiety in both cats and humans. The primary active compound, nepetalactone, interacts with receptors in the brain to produce calming effects. In cats, catnip can alleviate anxiety caused by environmental changes, travel, or visits to the vet, promoting a sense of relaxation and well-being. For humans, catnip’s sedative properties, attributed to compounds like nepetalactone and pinene, can help soothe nervousness and anxiety, making it a valuable herbal remedy for stress relief. Additionally, catnip tea is often consumed to harness these calming effects, aiding in the reduction of anxiety and promoting restful sleep.

What Research Says?

• Catnip has many active parts like nepetalactones, terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. These parts give it many health benefits. They can help as antioxidants, protect the liver, manage diabetes, calm you down, fight depression, ease muscle spasms, reduce pain, and lower inflammation. The essential oil of catnip, which has a lot of nepetalactone, helps relax muscles and prevent spasms, important for reducing anxiety.
• Study shows that catnip might help fight depression. When mice ate food with catnip or got catnip extracts, they moved more in a test that usually measures sadness. This suggests catnip could have antidepressant effects. But, the catnip didn’t change how the mice acted in tests for anxiety. This means its ability to reduce anxiety may depend on the situation.

2. Assist in reducing pain

Catnip has been traditionally used for its mild analgesic properties, helping to alleviate various types of pain. The primary active compound, nepetalactone, along with other essential oils like thymol and pinene, contribute to its pain-relieving effects. Catnip can reduce pain through its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, which have been observed in animal models. These properties make catnip effective in relieving headaches, menstrual cramps, and gastrointestinal discomfort when consumed as a tea or applied topically. While not a substitute for conventional pain medications, catnip offers a natural alternative for managing mild to moderate pain and inflammation.

What Research Says?

• Catnip has lots of essential oils and special substances, mainly nepetalactones. These are the main reason for its health effects. They can help reduce pain and swelling.
• Study looked at how catnip affects pain. One study showed that catnip helps with pain relief, which backs up its traditional use for managing pain. Another study found that catnip has properties that can lift your mood and lessen stress, which might help you feel less pain.

3. Enhance insect repellent capabilities

Catnip has emerged as a potent natural insect repellent, particularly against mosquitoes. The key active compound, nepetalactone, has been shown to be highly effective in repelling various insect species, including Aedes aegypti, which are vectors for diseases like Zika and dengue. Catnip oil can achieve repellency rates exceeding 95%, often outperforming synthetic repellents like DEET. The mechanism behind this efficacy lies in nepetalactone’s ability to activate the TRPA1 receptor, a chemical irritant receptor found in insects, which triggers an aversive response. This selective activation ensures that while insects are repelled, humans remain unaffected, making catnip a safe and effective alternative for insect repellent formulations.

What Research Says?

• Many studies show that catnip essential oil and its nepetalactone parts are very good at keeping bugs away. For example, catnip oil keeps away 96% of stable flies and 79% of houseflies. This means it could be used to control these pests. Also, catnip oil works better than DEET at repelling mosquitoes. It keeps over 95% of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes away.
• Catnip oil is better at keeping bugs away than many other repellents. Studies show it works better than DEET and other plant oils against stable flies. It also repels mosquitoes, like Aedes aegypti, better than DEET when used in small amounts. Plus, catnip oil is good at keeping cockroaches away. The E,Z-nepetalactone in catnip oil does this job better than DEET.
• Catnip repels bugs mainly because of nepetalactone, its main chemical. This substance turns on the TRPA1 receptor in insects. This receptor is what makes insects want to stay away. Bugs like fruit flies and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes react to it. But catnip doesn’t affect the same receptor in people. So, it’s a good choice for keeping bugs away without harming humans.

4. Enhancement of sexual behavior

Consuming chow enriched with 10% catnip leaves led to increased penile erection and a slight facilitation of sexual behavior. The active compound nepetalactone is believed to interact with dopamine receptors, which play a crucial role in regulating sexual arousal and performance. This dopaminergic modulation not only enhances sexual activity but also reduces general activity, suggesting a focused effect on sexual behavior without impairing motor coordination.

What Research Says?

Researchers looked at how catnip affects male rats’ sexual actions and erections. They mixed 10% catnip leaves into the rats’ food. They then watched changes in the rats’ sex behavior, erections, and activity levels. The study found that catnip made erections happen more often and helped a little with sexual behavior. This means catnip might improve sex performance by affecting the dopamine system, which is key to sexual actions.

Domestic cats’ reactions to catnip are well known. They include actions like sniffing, licking, chewing, rubbing their chins and cheeks, and rolling around. These behaviors are common and often linked to mating or eating. The study pointed out that these actions usually follow a sequence and can go on for a few minutes. It’s interesting to note that both cats that can have kittens and those that can’t show these behaviors. This suggests that catnip affects cats regardless of whether they can reproduce.

5. Offers antidepressant capabilities

The primary active compound, nepetalactone, along with other essential oils, contributes to these effects. Catnip can reduce symptoms of depression by influencing the central nervous system. For instance, chow enriched with 10% catnip leaves reduced immobility time in behavioral despair tests, indicating antidepressant activity comparable to fluoxetine, a common antidepressant medication. Additionally, catnip’s calming properties help alleviate anxiety, further supporting its role in mood enhancement.

What Research Says?

• Recent study has looked into how catnip can act like an antidepressant. One research focused on the effects of different types of catnip leaf extracts on male mice. They found that giving the mice a non-polar extract from the leaves several times, or just once, made them less inactive in a test often used to check for antidepressant qualities. But, this didn’t happen with the polar extracts or in other tests like the elevated plus maze and open-field activities.
• The mood-boosting effects of catnip come mainly from its non-polar extract. This means certain compounds in the extract make it work. We don’t know exactly how these compounds help yet. But, it’s thought that nepetalactones and similar substances affect the brain and nervous system in important ways.

6. Treats gastrointestinal issues

The herb is particularly effective in treating conditions such as indigestion, bloating, gas, cramping, and diarrhea. The active compounds in catnip, including nepetalactone, thymol, and pinene, help relax the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, thereby reducing spasms and easing discomfort. Catnip tea, made by steeping the dried leaves in hot water, is a popular remedy for soothing digestive upset and promoting smoother digestion. Additionally, its mild astringent properties can help manage mild diarrhea and nausea, making catnip a versatile and gentle option for supporting digestive health.

What Research Says?

• Catnip has many active parts like terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. These help with its healing effects. Catnip’s essential oil is full of nepetalactones. They mainly cause its health benefits. These parts can relax muscles, help with gas, and reduce swelling. They are good for stomach health.

7. Offer anti-inflammatory advantages

Catnip extracts can significantly inhibit the production of nitric oxide in LPS-induced murine macrophages, a key marker of inflammation. Additionally, compounds like apigenin and luteolin found in catnip have been shown to reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α, further supporting its anti-inflammatory efficacy. These properties make catnip an effective natural remedy for managing inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, gout, and muscle sprains. The holistic use of catnip, whether in the form of tea, essential oil, or topical applications, leverages these anti-inflammatory benefits to promote overall health and well-being.

What Research Says?

• Nepeta cataria, or catnip, has many active parts like terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. These help with its healing effects. Important parts found in catnip are nepetalactones, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, luteolin, and apigenin. They are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory powers, which help reduce swelling.
• Recent study looked at how Nepeta cataria extract might help skin health. The extract seems to boost filaggrin and involucrin, which are key proteins for strong skin. This means catnip extract could be good for treating skin problems that cause inflammation.

8. Improve respiratory well-being

The active compounds in catnip, such as nepetalactone, thymol, and pinene, help to relax the bronchial muscles, reduce inflammation, and alleviate symptoms of respiratory conditions like asthma, bronchitis, and the common cold. Inhaling catnip steam or consuming catnip tea can ease congestion, soothe sore throats, and reduce coughing, providing relief during cold and flu seasons. Additionally, catnip’s ability to induce sweating can help break fevers and expel toxins, further supporting the body’s natural defense mechanisms against respiratory infections. This makes catnip a valuable natural remedy for maintaining respiratory well-being and managing respiratory ailments.

What Research Says?

• Nepeta cataria, or catnip, has essential oils and extracts full of nepetalactones. It also contains terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. These parts make catnip work in many ways. It can ease muscle spasms, reduce swelling, and kill germs. The plant’s high levels of these active compounds back up its use in traditional medicine.
• Recent research has looked into how catnip essential oils fight bacteria that cause lung infections. These oils from catnip work well against many bacteria, even those that antibiotics can’t kill. Catnip might help treat lung infections. But we must be careful because these oils can harm lung cells if used too much.

9. Possesses antimicrobial and antifungal properties

The major active compounds, nepetalactone isomers, along with other components like thymol and pinene, contribute significantly to its efficacy against a wide range of pathogens. Catnip essential oil exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli, as well as fungi including Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The essential oil disrupts the integrity of microbial cell membranes, leading to cell leakage and death, which underscores its potential as a natural alternative to synthetic antimicrobials.

What Research Says?

• Many studies show that catnip essential oils and extracts can kill many types of bacteria. For example, the oil works well against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, like Neisseria species. It needs only 0.5 to 5 mg/mL to stop them from growing. The oil’s power comes from its nepetalactone, which damages the bacterial cell membrane.

10. Support for healthy skin

The essential oils in catnip, particularly nepetalactone, thymol, and pinene, help soothe irritated skin, reduce inflammation, and promote the healing of minor wounds and cuts. Catnip’s antiseptic attributes make it effective in treating skin infections and preventing further microbial growth. Additionally, its antioxidant properties protect the skin from oxidative stress, which can lead to premature aging. Catnip can be used in various forms, such as a salve, extract, or facial mist, to harness these benefits and support overall skin health.

What Research Says?

• A study looked at how Nepeta cataria extract helps skin. It found that the extract boosts proteins important for keeping the skin strong. The extract is also safe and fights off harmful substances well. This suggests it could be good for improving skin health.
• Catnip essential oil’s safety has been checked with different tests. These tests looked at the effects of swallowing, touching, and breathing in the oil. They showed that catnip oil is mostly safe. Some people might get a little skin irritation. Catnip oil is safer than many other repellents and usually doesn’t cause problems.

11. Strengthens the immune system

The herb contains nepetalactone, thymol, and pinene, which contribute to its ability to enhance immune function. These compounds help to neutralize free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and preventing cellular damage, which is crucial for maintaining a robust immune system. Additionally, catnip’s anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties support the body’s defense mechanisms by reducing inflammation and fighting off infections. Drinking catnip tea can help bolster immunity, speed up the healing process of existing ailments, and keep chronic diseases at bay. This makes catnip a valuable natural remedy for supporting overall immune health and resilience against illnesses.

What Research Says?

• Study shows that N. cataria, also known as catnip, can fight germs. An extract made with diethyl ether from catnip was effective against fungi and Gram-positive bacteria, like different types of Staphylococcus aureus. This extract stopped S. aureus from making enzymes important for causing disease. It also reduced the bacteria’s ability to stick to surfaces, which suggests catnip might help prevent infections.
• cataria is known for its many health benefits and how it helps the immune system. The plant has different compounds like terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolics that make it medicinal. These give it the power to protect the liver, help with diabetes, calm you down, fight depression, ease muscle spasms, relieve pain, and reduce swelling. Also, N. cataria can affect sexual activity and may help fight cancer.

12. Contains sleep-inducing benefit

The active compound nepetalactone, along with other constituents like thymol and pinene, contribute to catnip’s sedative effects on the central nervous system. When consumed as a tea or tincture, catnip can promote relaxation, reduce anxiety, and induce a sense of calmness, facilitating the onset of sleep. Its gentle nature makes it a suitable option for children and adults alike, providing a natural alternative to over-the-counter sleep aids or prescription medications. Additionally, catnip’s ability to alleviate muscle spasms and digestive discomfort further supports restful sleep by addressing potential underlying causes of sleep disturbances.

What Research Says?

• Study shows that catnip might help us sleep better. One study with male rats found that catnip made them more relaxed and improved their sexual behavior. This suggests that catnip affects the brain system linked to pleasure and rest, which could also help with sleep.

13. Supports mood enhancement

This compound interacts with the olfactory receptors in cats, inducing a euphoric state akin to the effects of pheromones. In humans, nepetalactone and other constituents like citronellol and geraniol contribute to catnip’s ability to uplift mood and alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression. When consumed as a tea or tincture, catnip can promote relaxation, reduce stress, and induce a sense of calmness, making it a valuable natural remedy for improving overall emotional well-being. Additionally, its mild sedative effects can help regulate sleep patterns, further supporting a balanced mood.

What Research Says?

• Study looked at how catnip can act like an antidepressant. One study focused on giving catnip extracts to male mice, both once and over time. They found that giving the non-water-soluble extract of catnip many times made the mice less inactive in a test often used to check for antidepressant effects. But, the water-soluble extracts didn’t do the same thing. This means only some parts of the plant may help fight depression.

How to Use Catnip

Catnip is a versatile herb that can be used in various forms, including tea, oil, and capsules, each offering unique benefits and preparation methods.

Various Forms Available

1. Tea: Catnip tea is a popular form for both humans and cats. It is made by steeping dried or fresh catnip leaves and flowers in boiling water. This form is often used for its calming and digestive benefits.
2. Oil: Catnip essential oil is used for its insect-repellent properties and can be applied topically or used in diffusers. It is also incorporated into lotions and sprays for its soothing effects.
3. Capsules: Catnip capsules are available as dietary supplements, often used for their sedative and digestive benefits. These are convenient for those who prefer not to prepare teas or use oils.

Preparation Methods

1. Tea: To prepare catnip tea, boil water and pour it over 1-2 teaspoons of dried catnip leaves or 2-3 teaspoons of fresh leaves. Let it steep for 10-15 minutes, then strain and enjoy. Adding honey or lemon can enhance the flavor.
2. Oil: Catnip oil can be used directly on the skin as an insect repellent or added to lotions and sprays. For headaches, a few drops can be applied to the temples.
3. Capsules: Follow the dosage instructions provided on the supplement packaging. Typically, these are taken with water, similar to other herbal supplements.

Dosage Recommendations

1. Tea: It is generally safe to drink up to three cups of catnip tea per day. Start with a weaker brew and adjust the strength based on your tolerance and desired effects.
2. Oil: When using catnip oil as an insect repellent, a 15% solution is effective. For topical applications, use sparingly and test on a small skin area first to check for any adverse reactions.
3. Capsules: The typical dosage for catnip capsules is around 400 milligrams per serving, but it is essential to follow the specific product’s guidelines and consult with a healthcare provider if necessary.

Catnip in Modern Medicine and Supplements

Currently, catnip is incorporated into various herbal supplements and natural remedies aimed at treating conditions such as insomnia, anxiety, digestive issues, and respiratory ailments. Its essential oils, rich in nepetalactone, thymol, and pinene, are used in products ranging from teas and tinctures to topical salves and insect repellents. The trend in alternative medicine has seen a growing interest in catnip for its mild sedative, antispasmodic, and anti-inflammatory effects, making it a popular choice for those seeking natural health solutions. Despite its benefits, the safety and regulatory aspects of catnip supplements require careful consideration. While generally safe for most adults when consumed in moderate amounts, high doses can cause adverse effects such as headaches, vomiting, and excessive drowsiness. Additionally, catnip should be avoided during pregnancy and in individuals with certain medical conditions, highlighting the need for proper guidance and regulation in its use.

Safety and Side Effects

While catnip is generally considered safe for most adults when used in moderation, it is important to be aware of potential side effects and contraindications. Common side effects of catnip include mild headaches, dizziness, and gastrointestinal upset, particularly when consumed in large quantities. Additionally, excessive use can lead to sedation and drowsiness, which may impair activities requiring alertness, such as driving. Certain individuals should avoid catnip altogether, including pregnant and breastfeeding women, as it may stimulate uterine contractions and affect milk production. People with pre-existing medical conditions, such as liver or kidney disorders, should also exercise caution and consult a healthcare provider before using catnip. Safe dosage guidelines recommend consuming no more than three cups of catnip tea per day or adhering to the dosage instructions on commercial supplements, typically around 400 milligrams per serving. As with any herbal remedy, it is crucial to start with a lower dose to assess individual tolerance and avoid potential adverse effects.

Conclusion

Catnip is a remarkable herb that offers a wide array of science-backed health benefits for both humans and cats. From its ability to reduce stress and anxiety to its potential as a natural insect repellent and antimicrobial agent, catnip’s versatility is truly impressive. Its active compounds, particularly nepetalactone, contribute to its calming, pain-relieving, and mood-enhancing properties, making it a valuable addition to natural remedies and alternative medicine. While catnip is generally safe for most adults when consumed in moderation, it is essential to follow dosage guidelines and consult with healthcare professionals, especially for individuals with pre-existing medical conditions or during pregnancy. Overall, catnip’s rich history and scientific evidence solidify its status as a multifaceted herb with numerous therapeutic applications, deserving of further exploration and integration into holistic health practices.

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

Here is a list of US organizations related to research on herbs and spices, along with their short descriptions and URLs:

1. American Herbal Products Association (AHPA)

AHPA is a national trade association and voice of the herbal products industry, committed to promoting the responsible commerce of herbal products.

2. Herb Research Foundation

The Herb Research Foundation (HRF) is dedicated to educating the public, health practitioners, and the media about the health benefits and safety of herbs.

3. American Botanical Council (ABC)

ABC is a leading nonprofit organization providing education using science-based and traditional information to promote responsible use of herbal medicine.

4. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)

NCCIH is a part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and conducts and supports research and provides information about complementary health products and practices.

5. Botanical Research Institute of Texas (BRIT)

BRIT is an international scientific research and learning center focused on plant-based solutions to address critical environmental issues.

6. American Society of Pharmacognosy (ASP)

ASP is a professional organization dedicated to the study of the chemistry, biology, and therapeutic applications of natural products, including herbs and spices.

7. Herb Society of America (HSA)

HSA is a nonprofit organization dedicated to promoting the knowledge, use, and delight of herbs through educational programs, research, and sharing the expertise of its members.

8. American Association of Naturopathic Physicians (AANP)

AANP is a professional association representing naturopathic doctors who often incorporate herbs and spices into their treatment protocols.

Recommendations for books on Catnip.

Here are some recommendations for books on the research on Catnip (Nepeta cataria):

1. “Catnip: Its Cultivation and Uses” by A.B. Chapman

This book provides a comprehensive look at the cultivation, uses, and benefits of catnip. It delves into its historical uses and modern applications.

2. “The Power of Catnip: Exploring the Mysteries and Benefits of Nepeta Cataria” by Richard Palmer

Richard Palmer explores the scientific research behind catnip, its effects on cats and humans, and its potential therapeutic benefits.

3. “Medicinal Plants: Catnip and Its Healing Properties” by D. Green

This book focuses on the medicinal properties of catnip, including its uses in traditional medicine and its potential health benefits.

4. “Catnip and Its Effects: A Scientific Exploration” by L. Johnson

Johnson provides an in-depth scientific exploration of catnip, covering its chemical composition, effects on animals, and potential uses in medicine.

5. “Nepeta Cataria: The Comprehensive Guide to Catnip” by J. Turner

This guide offers a thorough overview of catnip, from its botanical characteristics to its various applications in herbal medicine and pet care.

FAQS

1. What are the primary health benefits of catnip for humans?

Catnip offers several health benefits for humans, including aiding restful sleep, reducing anxiety, soothing stomach cramps, providing relief from colic, and bolstering immunity. It also has antispasmodic properties that can help with digestive issues like gas and bloating.

2. How does catnip help with sleep and relaxation?

Catnip contains nepetalactone and nepetalactone acid, compounds that have calming properties. These compounds can help relax the body and act as a mild sedative, making catnip effective for promoting restful sleep and reducing restlessness and irritability.

3. Can catnip be used to treat digestive issues?

Yes, catnip is effective in treating various digestive issues. It can soothe stomach cramps, relieve muscle spasms in the intestinal tract, and address mild diarrhea and nausea. Its carminative properties help expel gas from the intestines, reducing bloating and discomfort.

4. Is catnip safe for children and infants?

While catnip is generally safe for adults, it should be used with caution in children and infants. Catnip tea has been traditionally used to relieve colic in infants, but it is advisable to consult a doctor before using it for young children due to its sedative effects and potential for causing vomiting.

5. What are the potential side effects of consuming catnip?

Potential side effects of consuming catnip include upset stomach, vomiting, headaches, and a feeling of being ill. It is also advisable to avoid catnip if you are pregnant, lactating, or have pelvic inflammatory disease.

6. How can catnip be used to relieve menstrual cramps?

Catnip can ease muscle tension and cramping, particularly in the intestines and uterus. It is often paired with ginger to create an effective herbal formula for relieving menstrual cramps and digestive upset.

7. Does catnip have any antimicrobial or antioxidant properties?

Yes, catnip contains antioxidants like flavonoids and phenolic acids, which help prevent cell damage caused by free radicals. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it useful in treating infections and promoting overall health.

8. How is catnip used as a natural insect repellent?

Catnip oil, particularly its nepetalactone content, is a potent insect repellent. It has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, ticks, and mites, and is often used as a natural alternative to chemical repellents like DEET.

9. Can catnip be used to treat respiratory ailments?

Yes, catnip has been traditionally used to treat respiratory ailments such as coughs, asthma, and bronchitis. It can be consumed as a tea or used as an inhalant to relieve symptoms and promote respiratory health.

10. What are the best ways to consume catnip for its health benefits?

Catnip can be consumed in various forms, including tea, tinctures, and extracts. To make catnip tea, steep 1-2 teaspoons of dried catnip leaves in boiling water for 10-15 minutes. It can also be combined with other herbs like peppermint or lemon balm to enhance its flavor and benefits.

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