Health Benefits

Quinoa – Chenopodium quinoa

Quinoa Facts and Health benefits

Most of us call quinoa (pronounced “keen-whah”) a grain, but it’s actually a seed. It is actually a Pseudo cereal as it is consumed and cooked just like grain and also has comparable properties. It has been preserved like grain and consumed as one of the chief food sources along with potato and maize since ancient times. Quinoa scientifically known as Chenopodium quinoa is widely cultivated plant in the family Chenopodiaceae. It is considered to have originated in the Andean region of South America. White quinoa, Red quinoa and Black quinoa are some common varieties of Quinoa. It is known by different common names like Quinoa, Quinua. Apart from in Argentina it is referred to as Dawe, Quinoa in Brazil, Libatop in Hungarian and Farinello in Italian. Brown to reds colored Quinoa is actually full of important Nutrients, minerals and Vitamins required for living a healthy life.

Plant

Quinoa is actually an annual herbaceous plant growing 1–2 m (3.3–6.6 ft.) tall. It can be found growing in fairly cool conditions and prefers semi-deep, well-drained, sandy soil but will also grow in clayey soils. Quinoa has branched taproot and angular, ribbed stem with longitudinal green or red streaks. Leaves are usually alternate, coarsely toothed, triangular to ovate leaves. Flowers are glomerules, reddish, purplish to golden, regular, bisexual, sessile, small, pentamerous, tepals connate at base, stamens with short filaments and is found blooming from July to August.

Seeds

Quinoa is an indehiscent achene, protected by the perigonium, thin-walled and one-seeded about 2 mm (0.08 in) in diameter. Its color range from ivory to pinks, brown to reds, or almost black depending on the variety. It features nutlike flavor and taste like brown rice crossed with oatmeal. Seeds can be harvested during Aug to September. Seeds are 1–2.6 mm, smooth, lenticular, white, red, yellow, purple, brown or black along with thin leathery testa and endospermous. Quinoa seeds show outer seed coat that contains bitter ingredients known as saponins that must be detached before eating. Since it is extremely nutritious it is found used in number of healthy food recipe.

History:

Quinoa is considered to have originated from Andean region of South America. It has been effectively domesticated 3,000–4,000 years ago for human consumption.

Nutritional Value

Apart from their wonderful taste Quinoa is a good source of nutrients, vitamins and minerals. Consuming 100 gram of cooked Quinoa offers 1.167 mg of Manganese, 281 mg of Phosphorus, 0.355 mg of Copper, 2.76 mg of Iron, 39.4 g of Carbohydrate, 118 mg of Magnesium, 78 µg of Vitamin B9, 2.02 mg of Zinc and 0.228 mg of Vitamin B6. Moreover many Amino acids like 0.096 g of Tryptophan, 0.235 g of Histidine, 0.29 g of Isoleucine, 0.342 g of Valine and 0.242 g of Threonine are also found in 100 gram of cooked Quinoa.

Nutritional value of Quinoa
Serving Size: 1 Cup, 185 g

Calories 222 Kcal. Calories from Fat 31.95 Kcal.

 
Quinoa Quick Facts
Name: Quinoa
Scientific Name: Chenopodium quinoa
Origin Originated in the Andean region of South America
Colors Color range from ivory to pinks, brown to reds, or almost black depending on the variety
Shapes Indehiscent achene, thin-walled and one-seeded about 2 mm (0.08 in) in diameter.
Taste Like brown rice crossed with oatmeal
Calories 222 Kcal./cup
Major nutrients Manganese (50.74%)
Phosphorus (40.14%)
Copper (39.44%)
Iron (34.50%)
Carbohydrate (30.31%)
Health benefits Beneficial for Celiac disease, Preventing Osteoporosis, Digestion, Thyroid Glands, Healthy Pregnancy, Prevents heart attack, Beneficial for Anemia, Protects Eye Health , Helps control blood sugar levels
Proximity Amount % DV
Water 132.48 g  
Energy 222 Kcal  
Energy 931 kJ  
Protein 8.14 g 16.28%
Total Fat (lipid) 3.55 g 10.14%
Ash 1.41 g  
Carbohydrate 39.4 g 30.31%
Total dietary Fiber 5.2 g 13.68%
Total Sugars 1.61 g  
Starch 32.62 g  

 
Minerals Amount % DV
Manganese, Mn 1.167 mg 50.74%
Phosphorus, P 281 mg 40.14%
Copper, Cu 0.355 mg 39.44%
Iron, Fe 2.76 mg 34.50%
Magnesium, Mg 118 mg 28.10%
Zinc, Zn 2.02 mg 18.36%
Selenium, Se 5.2 µg 9.45%
Potassium, K 318 mg 6.77%
Calcium, Ca 31 mg 3.10%
Sodium, Na 13 mg 0.87%

Vitamins Amount % DV
Vitamin B9 (Folate, Folic acid) 78 µg 19.50%
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) 0.228 mg 17.54%
Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) 0.198 mg 16.50%
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) 0.204 mg 15.69%
Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) 1.17 mg 7.80%
Choline 42.6 mg 7.75%
Vitamin B3 (Niacin) 0.762 mg 4.76%
Vitamin A 0.46 µg 0.07%
Beta Carotene 6 µg  
Lutein + zeaxanthin 98 µg  
Tocopherol, beta 0.06 mg  
Tocopherol, gamma 2.2 mg  
Tocopherol, delta 0.2 mg  

 
Amino Acids Amount % DV
Tryptophan 0.096 g 21.82%
Histidine 0.235 g 19.07%
Isoleucine 0.29 g 17.34%
Valine 0.342 g 16.19%
Threonine 0.242 g 13.75%
Lysine 0.442 g 13.22%
Leucine 0.483 g 13.07%
Phenylalanine 0.342 g 11.78%
Methionine 0.178 g 10.65%
Cystine 0.117 g  
Tyrosine 0.154 g  
Arginine 0.629 g  
Alanine 0.339 g  
Aspartic acid 0.653 g  
Glutamic acid 1.073 g  
Glycine 0.4 g  
Proline 0.444 g  
Serine 0.326 g  

Lipids Amount % DV
Fatty acids, total saturated 0.427 g 0.66%
Palmitic acid 16:00 (Hexadecanoic acid) 0.363 g  
Stearic acid 18:00 (Octadecanoic acid) 0.022 g  
     
Fatty acids, total monounsaturated 0.977 g  
Oleic acid 18:1 (octadecenoic acid) 0.86 g  
Gadoleic acid 20:1 (eicosenoic acid) 0.057 g  
Erucic acid 22:1 (docosenoic acid) 0.05 g  
     
Fatty acids, total polyunsaturated 1.994 g 11.73%
Linoleic acid 18:2 (octadecadienoic acid) 1.802 g  
Linolenic acid 18:3 (Octadecatrienoic acid) 0.157 g  
Arachidonic acid (Eicosatetraenoic acid) 20:4 0.006 g  
Cervonic acid (Docosahexaenoic acid) 22:6 n-3 0.028 g  
     

*Above mentioned Percent Daily Values (%DVs) are based on 2,000 calorie diet intake. Daily values (DVs) may be different depending upon your daily calorie needs. Mentioned values are recommended by a U.S. Department of Agriculture. They are not healthbenefitstimes.com recommendations. Calculations are based on average age of 19 to 50 years and weighs 194 lbs.

Source:

https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/6587

Health benefits of Quinoa

1. Beneficial for Celiac disease

Research suggests including quinoa to the gluten-free diet of patients with celiac disease is well-tolerated, and does not worsen the condition. Quinoa, an extremely nourishing grain, is usually suggested as part of a gluten-free diet. However, research suggests that quinoa storage proteins can motivate innate and adaptive immune responses in celiac patients.(1)

2. Preventing Osteoporosis

Manganese is a mineral naturally occurring in our bodies in very small amounts. Apart from that it can also be found in quinoa in considerable amount. Manganese is an essential mineral related to the relief of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis syndrome. It is an essential mineral to add bone density and overall density. One cup cooked Quinoa consists of about 1.167 mg of Manganese which is 50.74% of the daily recommended value. Therefore consuming quinoa is recommended to prevent from Osteoporosis.

3. Digestion

Phosphorus is regularly noted as the second most generous mineral in the human body, and is second most significant element regarding maintaining bone health and integrity, behind calcium. Apart from that phosphorus plays an important role in helping effective digestion. It stimulates the digestion of niacin and riboflavin in an effective way. Phosphorous directly clears up constipations, indigestion, diarrhea, and generally tones up the digestive system for regular, healthy bowel movements. This will boosts the health of the digestive system, as well as of the kidneys, since the toxins are being removed from the body, rather than recycling through the kidneys and stressing that system. So Quinoa must be included in normal regular diet to solve all these problems as one cup cooked Quinoa consists of 281 mg of Phosphorus which is 40.14% of the recommended value.

4. Thyroid Glands

Copper is important for an overall healthy existence, as this mineral enables normal metabolic process along with amino acids and vitamins. Copper cannot be made within the body and thus needs to be added from external food sources. Quinoa consists of considerable amount of copper which is essential for the proper function of the thyroid gland. One cup cooked quinoa consists of 0.355 mg of copper which is 39.44% of the recommended value. Though excess copper is also a main reason for thyroid malfunction, therefore well balanced amount of copper is required in the blood. Imbalanced can result in either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.

5. Healthy Pregnancy

Iron is related to the proper growth of human body and maintenance of robust health. Iron deficiency may cause weakness, fatigue, poor concentration and many more. Similarly iron is equally important for pregnant women. Pregnant women must consume more iron rich foods compared to anyone else.  Therefore quinoa as well as other iron rich foods must be included regularly in pregnant women’s diet as it may help to fulfill the iron requirement. Also, pregnant women must consume more healthy fat and foliate rich foods during pregnancy.

6. Prevents heart attack

Magnesium is an essential mineral for staying healthy. It is necessary to keep muscle and nerve functions normal and to keep the heart beating rhythmically. Deficiency of magnesium may lead to heart disease, often leading to fatal results. Magnesium rich food must be included to decreases various hazards related to heart. Quinoa intake protects the heart from uneven heartbeats as well as caringly shields your heart from damage, mainly from muscle stress. One cup cooked Quinoa includes 118 mg of magnesium which is 28.10% of the daily recommended value.

7. Beneficial for Anemia

Vitamin B9 is also known as folic acid, and it belongs to the vitamin B complex family. It is vital for the acceleration of metabolic processes in the human body. Vitamin B9 is beneficial for the treatment of patients suffering from anemia resulting from a folic acid deficiency. Vitamin B9 riche foods like Quinoa, green vegetables, cheese, and mushrooms as well as synthetic folic acid supplements can be used to treat these ailments resulting from folate deficiency. Similarly folic acid supplements may also be included as part of the recommended treatment of mainly menstruation-related problems as well as some leg ulcers.

8. Protects Eye Health

Poor diet and nutrient deficiency are the main cause of several eye diseases. Research has proven that consuming Vitamin B6 rich foods such as Quinoa together with other vitamins like foliate can help to prevent different eye disorders as well as loss of Vision.

Quinoa intake is considered to help slow start of certain eye diseases like age related macular degeneration. One cup cooked Quinoa includes 0.228 mg of Vitamin B6 which is 17.54% of the daily recommended value.

9. Helps control blood sugar levels

Dietary fiber, also known as roughage or bulk, includes the parts of plant foods body can’t digest or absorb. Dietary fiber can provide several health benefits too, like helping to maintain a healthy weight and decreasing the risk of diabetes as well as heart disease. Soluble fiber help to slow the absorption of sugar and improves the blood sugar level in diabetic people. Healthy diet which contains insoluble fiber may also decrease the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

How to Eat

Other Traditional uses and benefits of Quinoa

Other Facts

Precautions

Quinoa Facts

Name Quinoa
Scientific Name Chenopodium quinoa
Native Andean region of South America
Common/English Name Quinua,Quinoa
Name in Other Languages Bolivia : Supha, Jopa, Jupha, Juira, Ära, Qallapi
Swedish : Mjölmålla, Quinoa
Finnish : Kinua, Kvinoa
Peru : Ayara, Kiuna, Kuchikinwa, Achita, Kinua
Bulgarian : Nemerizliva Laikuchka
Norwegian : Perumelde, Quinoa
Italian : Farinello
Columbia : Suba, Pasca ( Chibchan )
Polish : Komosa Ryżowa
Czech : Merlík Čilský
Eastonian : Tšiili Hanemalts
German : Quinoa, Reismelde
Danish : Kvinoa, Quinoa, Rismælde
Hungarian : Libatop, Mirhafű
Argentina : Dawe, Sawe ( Mapuche )
Icelandic : Frumbyggjanjóli, Inkanjóli
Brazil : Quinoa
Ecuador : Ayara, Kiuna, Kuchikinwa, Achita
Latvian : Kvinoja
Chile : Dawe, Quinhua
French : Quinoa, Petit Riz, Riz Du Pérou
Portuguese : Arroz-Miúdo-Do-Perú, Espinafre-Do- Perú
Spanish : Arroz Del Peru, Qunigua, Quina
Dutch : Gierstmelde, Quinoa
Plant Growth Habit An annual herbaceous plant
Growing Climate Fairly cool conditions
Soil Prefers semi-deep, well-drained, sandy soil but will also grow in clayey soils.
Plant Size 1–2 m (3.3–6.6 ft.) high
Root branched taproot
Stem Angular, ribbed stem with longitudinal green or red streaks
Leaf Alternate, coarsely toothed, triangular to ovate leaves
Flowering Season Jul to August
Flower Glomerules, reddish, purplish to golden, bisexual, regular
Fruit shape & size Indehiscent achene, thin-walled and one-seeded about 2 mm (0.08 in) in diameter.
Fruit color Color vary from ivory to pinks, brown to reds, or almost black depending on the variety
Flavor/aroma Nut like flavor
Fruit Taste Like brown rice crossed with oatmeal
Seed 1–2.6 mm, lenticular, smooth, white, yellow, red, purple, brown or black with thin leathery testa and endospermous
Varieties/Types White quinoa, Red quinoa, Black quinoa
Season Aug to September
Major Nutrition Manganese, Mn 1.167 mg (50.74%)
Phosphorus, P 281 mg (40.14%)
Copper, Cu 0.355 mg (39.44%)
Iron, Fe 2.76 mg (34.50%)
Carbohydrate 39.4 g (30.31%)
Magnesium, Mg 118 mg (28.10%)
Tryptophan 0.096 g (21.82%)
Vitamin B9 (Folate, Folic acid) 78 µg (19.50%)
Histidine 0.235 g (19.07%)
Zinc, Zn 2.02 mg (18.36%)
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) 0.228 mg (17.54%)
Isoleucine 0.29 g (17.34%)
Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) 0.198 mg (16.50%)
Protein 8.14 g (16.28%)
Valine 0.342 g (16.19%)
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) 0.204 mg (15.69%)
Threonine 0.242 g (13.75%)
Total dietary Fiber 5.2 g (13.68%)
Lysine 0.442 g (13.22%)
Leucine 0.483 g (13.07%)
Phenylalanine 0.342 g (11.78%)
Fatty acids, total polyunsaturated 1.994 g (11.73%)
Methionine 0.178 g (10.65%)
Total Fat (lipid) 3.55 g (10.14%)
Health Benefits
  • Beneficial for Celiac disease
  • Preventing Osteoporosis
  • Digestion
  • Thyroid Glands
  • Healthy Pregnancy
  • Prevents heart attack
  • Beneficial for Anemia
  • Protects Eye Health
  • Helps control blood sugar levels
Calories in 1cup (185gm) 222


References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinoa

 

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