Instrument capable of simulating vertical and horizontal movement with or without temporomandibular joint orientation. Joint articular references are commonly reversed with condylar guidance developed according to mechanical equivalents based on anatomic averages. Some semi‐adjustable articulators provide for temporomandibular joint orientation and may be either non‐Arcon (condylar elements in the upper member) or Arcon (condylar elements in the lower member, as in the human situation).