An intrapsychic event brought on by exposure to an unanticipated danger. The acute syndrome is characterized by psychological shock; helplessness; numbness of feelings; disturbances of speech, eating, and sleeping (nightmares); and social withdrawal. Persistence of the helpless state may result in death. The long-term effects are usually persistent preoccupation with the self; somatic concerns; depressive and anxiety symptoms; and fear of being further victimized.
A painful emotional experience that may cause anxiety, depression, insomnia, flashbacks, or other psychological symptoms.
A deeply impactful emotional disturbance that leaves a lasting psychological mark.