Excessive bleeding subsequent to childbirth, a circumstance that tends to be more prevalent following an extended labor or after the delivery of multiple infants.
The majority of instances involving postpartum hemorrhage transpire right after childbirth (referred to as primary postpartum hemorrhage). This type is attributed to an excessive outflow of blood from the area where the placenta was attached to the uterus. Ordinarily, following the expulsion of the placenta, the uterus contracts, causing the blood vessels at the attachment site to constrict, thereby halting the bleeding. In some cases, excessive bleeding can arise from the uterus not contracting effectively after delivery. Alternatively, it might result from the retention of placental tissue within the uterus.
Bleeding right after childbirth can also be triggered by tears occurring along any part of the birth canal. These tears are more prone to transpire during forceps-assisted deliveries or breech deliveries. Nonetheless, in certain situations, postpartum hemorrhage happens due to the mother having a bleeding disorder.
On occasions, bleeding accompanied by pain and fever arises between five and ten days after childbirth (referred to as secondary postpartum hemorrhage). In such instances, the underlying cause is typically an infection resulting from the retention of a fragment of placental tissue.
Blood transfusion might be administered to replenish lost blood, and immediate intervention could be necessary to address shock—characterized by a severe drop in blood pressure, often resulting from substantial blood loss. Further treatment approaches depend on the underlying cause of the hemorrhage. If retained placental tissue is a concern, removal might be necessary. Medications like ergometrine could be given to stimulate uterine contractions, while any vaginal or cervical lacerations may be sutured. Infections can be managed with antibiotic medications, and iron supplements may be prescribed to counteract iron deficiency stemming from blood loss.