Postherpetic encephalitis, or herpes simplex encephalitis (HSVE), is caused by the herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and is characterized by inflammation of the parenchyma and the surrounding meninges. The herpes simplex virus has a predilection for certain areas of the brain, specifically, the frontotemporal region. HSVE accounts for 10% of all cases of encephalitis and is one of the most common types of fatal sporadic encephalitis (Clifton, 1991). This type of encephalitis is uncommon: It occurs annually in an estimated 1 in 250,000 individuals but is more prevalent in children than in adults. It is not entirely clear how the virus gains access to the brain, but some researchers question olfactory and orbital routes.