A type of blood disorder characterised by the production of too many red blood cells.
A condition in which the number of red blood cells increases.
A rise in the amount of haemoglobin in the blood. This may be caused by an excessive number of erythrocytes being produced in the bone marrow, or result from a fall in the total volume of plasma in the circulatory system. It may also be a response to reduced oxygen levels for example, among people living at high altitudes or to liver or kidney disease: this type is called secondary polycythaemia.
A condition characterized by the excessive production of red blood cells, resulting in an abnormally high count in the blood. This ailment is often triggered by another underlying condition or by hypoxia (a decrease in blood and tissue oxygen levels), termed as secondary polycythaemia. If the surge in red blood cells arises without a clear cause, it is referred to as polycythaemia vera or primary polycythaemia.
Secondary polycythaemia naturally develops at high altitudes due to the decreased oxygen availability. It can also arise from conditions that hinder the blood’s oxygen supply, like chronic bronchitis (a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). In such situations, the diminished oxygen levels prompt the kidneys to produce a hormone named erythropoietin. This hormone then spurs the bone marrow to generate more red cells to make up for the oxygen deficit. Additionally, secondary polycythaemia can be linked to liver cancer, certain kidney issues, or heavy smoking.
Moving down to sea level or successfully treating the root cause can normalize the blood condition.
Polycythaemia vera is an uncommon condition primarily seen in individuals over 40. The heightened red blood cell count results in a more voluminous and viscous blood consistency, potentially causing symptoms like headaches, blurry vision, and high blood pressure. Other symptoms might include reddened skin, dizziness, nocturnal sweating, and generalized itching. An enlarged spleen is also a common finding.
Potential complications encompass an increased likelihood of bleeding or blood clotting, the risk of stroke, and bone marrow-related conditions like myelofibrosis or acute leukemia.
Diagnosis is determined through a physical check-up, blood tests, and by excluding other potential reasons for polycythaemia. Treatment typically involves venesection (bloodletting), and in some cases, it’s combined with anticancer medications or radioactive phosphorus. With this treatment, many patients can live for an additional 10 to 15 years.