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A poisonous substance produced by an organism or within living cells. A poison of animal, vegetable, or microbial origin. Specific, characterizable, poisonous chemicals, often proteins, with specific biological properties, including immunogenicity, produced by microbes, higher plants, or animals. A poisonous product produced by microorganisms. A substance (e.g., produced in some cases by disease-causing microorganisms) which…

The degree to which a substance can damage an organism. The reaction can be localized or systemic and the response level depends on the toxin’s dose, rate of release, route of administration, duration of exposure, and specific characteristics. The quality of being poisonous, especially the degree of virulence of a toxic microbe or of a…

The ability of a material to resist fracture when stressed.  

A bony exostosis on the lingual aspect of the mandible, generally in the premolar/molar region; commonly bilateral. An exostosis that develops on the lingual aspect of the body of the mandible.  

Stress caused by a load that tends to twist an object.  

Device designed to apply a tightening force (i.e., torque) with a self‐limiting feature to prevent over‐ or undertightening. It may be manual or electric.  

Device that registers the torsional force being applied; usually registered as Newton meters, centimeters, or foot pounds.  

Instrument used to apply torsional force to an object; generally includes a wrench and a method of gauging the torque being applied.  

Device that limits the potential torque that can be applied to an object; generally considered to be a safety mechanism.