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  • Acute tubular necrosis

    Most common form of acute renal failure that results when an ischemic event or a nephrotoxin damages the renal tubules. Acute damage to the renal tubules; usually due to ischemia associated with shock.  

  • Acute renal failure

    Cessation of renal (kidney) function. A condition in which the kidneys suddenly cease to produce urine and to filter waste products from the blood. Cessation may be partial or total. A sudden and significant decrease in the kidneys’ filtration capabilities and, within hours or days, an increase in the levels of creatinine and other waste…

  • Actuarial data

    Information used to create mortality tables and life expectancy numbers.  

  • Activity increment

    The energy needed to sustain body activities. The typical energy costs of a variety of activities are shown in Table 2.  

  • Actinomycin D

    An antibiotic containing D-amino acids.  

  • Acroderma enteropatica

    A rare genetic disease characterized by an inability to absorb zinc.  

  • Acidic amino acids

    Amino acids having two carboxyl groups in their structures. These amino acids are aspartic and glutamic acids.  

  • Acetonemia

    Higher than normal levels of acetone in the blood. Normal levels can be between 3 and 20 mg/mL. In the uncontrolled insulin-dependent diabetic individual, acetone levels can significantly exceed 20 mg/mL. Presence of large amounts of acetone in the blood. Large amounts of acetone in the blood. It causes altered mental status, abdominal pain, and…

  • Acetoacetate

    A four-carbon compound found in large amounts in uncontrolled insulin-dependent diabetic patients. It is a normal end product of fatty acid oxidation and can be further metabolized and used as fuel by normal tissues. Its further metabolism yields carbon dioxide and water.  

  • Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

    An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of acetaldehyde to acetate.  

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