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A member of the statin group of drugs that lower blood cholesterol by inhibiting HMG CoA reductase, the rate limiting enzyme in the pathway for cholesterol synthesis. Used to lower blood cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic patients.  

Substances that elicit a sweet taste but which have little or no energy value. Low-calorie or no-calorie substitutes for sugar. Candy, chewing gum, jams, jellies, baked goods, and frozen desserts may all contain artificial sweeteners. There are two types of artificial sweeteners: nutritive and nonnutritive. A chemical compound (e.g., saccharin or aspartame) that tastes sweet…

Proliferation of the intima of an artery resulting in complete blockage of that artery. A gradual narrowing of the arteries with thrombosis and degeneration of the intima. Arteriosclerosis in which the lumen of the artery is completely occluded.  

blood gas analysis are tests that provide information on pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaC02), partial pressure of oxygen (Pa02), oxygen saturation (Sa02), bicarbonate (HCO3), and base excess.  

Amino acids that have a ring structure. Included are phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan.  

A rare genetic disease where a mutation in the gene for arginase has occurred and is characterized by high blood levels of arginine.    

An enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of arginine to urea and ornithine. A liver enzyme that converts arginine into urea and ornithine.  

Peanut or groundnut oil, also known as arachis oil, is utilized in enemas to provide lubrication and softening of impacted feces, facilitating easier bowel movements. Additionally, it can be applied to the scalp, followed by shampooing, for the treatment of cradle cap.    

Also referred to as the set-point theory, which hypothesizes that the body establishes a preferred weight and defends that weight under varying food intake conditions.  

Energy in food consumed (IE) less the energy in the feces (FE). (DE = lE-FE).