Mindblown: a blog about philosophy.
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Conversion study
A scientific study of two or more treatments that tries to gauge the effect of switching from one form of therapy to another.
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Controlled area
An area in which a protection officer oversees the occupational exposure of personnel to ionizing radiation. Controlled access, occupancy, and working conditions are necessary for radiation protection. The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act; a law enacted in 1970 to control the distribution and use of all depressant and stimulant drugs and other drugs…
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Contrasuppressor cell
A T cell that inhibits the activity of suppressor T cells. Although a contrasuppressor cell shares this functional capability with T helper cells, it is distinguished from other CD4+ cells by its other cell surface markers and the unique group of cytokines it produces.
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Contrast sensitivity
The ability to distinguish objects from the background in which they are located. It is a critical component of functionally adequate vision.
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Tri-iodinated contrast medium
A derivative of tri-iodobenzoic acid that is the base for water-soluble contrast media. It contains three atoms of iodine per molecule.
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Nonionic contrast medium
A water-soluble contrast medium whose molecules do not dissociate into cations and anions in solution. These agents tend to have low osmolarity. They decrease the risk of adverse reactions but are costly.
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Low-osmolarity contrast medium
A water-soluble contrast medium with low osmolarity. These agents produce fewer undesired effects after intravascular administration than do high osmolarity contrast media. They are generally nonionic, with the exception of Hexabrix (an ionic dimer).
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High-osmolarity contrast medium
A water-soluble contrast medium with high osmolarity. These agents increase the probability of an adverse reaction and are generally ionic.
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Subject contrast
The physical characteristics of an object or imaging technique that influence how the object’s image will appear on a radiographical film. The subject contrast of a radiograph can be increased or decreased by increasing or decreasing the kilovoltage peak (kVp). It may also be affected by the thickness, density, and composition of the subject.
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Short-scale contrast
A radiograph that demonstrates large differences in density between adjacent areas. Short-scale contrast is a result of low kilovoltage peak (kVp). In dental radiography, for example, a kVp less than about 60 must be used to produce a radiograph with short-scale contrast. A radiograph characterized by predominantly bright areas attributed to the utilization of lower…
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