Glossary

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  • Collateral innervation

    Development of the nerve supply in a nerve tract adjacent to the original nerve supply that has been injured or destroyed.  

  • Inkoo virus

    A European arbovirus of the California family of bunyaviruses. It is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected mosquitoes. It causes fevers, encephalitis, and meningitis in humans.  

  • Risk for perioperative positioning injury

    At risk for inadvertent anatomical and physical changes as a result of posture or equipment used during an invasive/surgical procedure.  

  • Ventilator-induced lung injury

    Damage to alveoli or alveolar capillaries caused by high airway pressures, excessive tidal volumes, or repeated expansion and collapse of the alveoli during mechanical ventilation. It can produce local inflammatory lung destruction and the release of inflammatory molecules throughout the systemic circulation.  

  • Transfusion-related acute lung injury

    A systemic immunological reaction to the transfusion of blood products marked by breathlessness, fever, hypotension, inadequate oxygenation, and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. It is caused by antibodies in the donor’s plasma reacting against the white blood cells of the transfusion recipient. Ventilatory support is commonly needed. The reaction is life-threatening in about 10% of patients.  

  • Straddle injury

    Blunt trauma to the perineum, often with fractures of the pelvis and genital and internal injuries (e.g., to the vagina, penis, testes, bladder, uterus, or other organs).  

  • Steering wheel injury

    Blunt trauma to the chest sustained when an unrestrained driver hits the steering wheel or column. Typical injuries include rib fractures, inflamed cartilage, pneumothorax, hemothorax, or contusion of the heart. The trauma occasionally produces dissection of the thoracic aorta.  

  • Secondary hypoxic injury

    Cell death caused by the lack of oxygen in tissues after trauma. It may sometimes be prevented by resting injured body parts and applying cold to them.  

  • Secondary enzymatic injury

    Cell death resulting from an enzymatic reaction occurring after trauma that decreases cell membrane potential and produces hydropic swelling. Secondary enzymatic injury does not include cells damaged by the primary trauma.  

  • Risk for injury

    A state in which the person has the potential for physical harm as a result of environmental hazards and/or impairments in his adaptive and defensive resources.  

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