A rare congenital anomaly wherein the esophagus divides into two distinct segments during the developmental phase in the womb. This condition entails the absence of a short segment of the esophagus, with the upper part terminating in a pouch, and the lower part might culminate blindly or project upwards from the stomach. In most instances, either the upper or lower esophageal segment connects with the trachea (windpipe), resulting in the formation of an irregular passage termed a tracheoesophageal fistula.
The presence of this condition can be anticipated even before birth if the mother experiences polyhydramnios, an excessive accumulation of amniotic fluid. This occurrence suggests that the fetus is incapable of swallowing the amniotic fluid in the usual manner.
The newborn is unable to swallow saliva or milk, resulting in continuous drooling and milk regurgitation. If an upper tracheoesophageal fistula is present, milk might be aspirated into the lungs, triggering bouts of coughing and causing cyanosis (a bluish discoloration of the skin).
Urgent surgical intervention is required to connect the disconnected sections of the esophagus and seal the fistula. In certain instances, multiple surgeries might be needed. Successful surgery should facilitate the baby’s normal development.