Hearing loss that results from exposures to very loud sounds (over 85 dB). The loss is usually most profound at a frequency of 4000 Hz. Working with noisy machinery, listening to loud music, or discharging rifles, guns, or explosives may be causative. Wearing ear plugs or earmuffs may be preventive.
Hearing impairment resulting from extended exposure to extreme noise or from a brief encounter with extremely loud sounds.
Being subjected to a sudden and exceedingly loud noise (exceeding 130 decibels) can result in instant and irreversible hearing impairment. Typically, the middle ear muscles react to loud sounds by readjusting the ossicles (the bones transmitting vibrations to the inner ear) to mitigate the noise. However, if these reflexes don’t have sufficient time to activate, the complete intensity of the vibrations reaches the inner ear, leading to significant harm to the delicate hair cells in the cochlea. Intense noises can even cause the eardrum to rupture.
More frequently, noise-induced harm arises from extended exposure to lower levels of noise. Any noise surpassing 85 to 90 decibels could initiate a gradual deterioration of the cochlea’s hair cells, culminating in enduring hearing impairment. Prolonged exposure to loud sounds initially results in a diminished capacity to perceive specific high-pitched tones. Subsequently, this hearing loss expands to encompass all higher frequencies, leading to challenges in comprehending speech. Eventually, lower tones also become impacted.
Sounds registering at 85 to 90 decibels or higher can initially induce discomfort and transient hearing impairment. If persistent tinnitus (ringing or buzzing in the ears) persists after the noise has subsided, it is likely an indicator that some degree of damage has taken place.
Individuals who are unable to prevent exposure to elevated noise levels (such as workers employing pneumatic drills) should utilize ear protection and undergo regular hearing assessments.