The prevention of death or injury to newborn infants with techniques to support the newborn’s airway, breathing, circulation, and body temperature. In the U.S. about 1% of all newborns require intensive resuscitative efforts in the period immediately after birth. The majority are infants born preterm (before 37 weeks’ gestation). Failure to recognize and treat emergencies in the neonatal period may result in inadequate oxygen delivery to the brain, heart, lungs, and other organs. Seizures, cognitive impairment, encephalopathy, or cerebral palsy may result from delayed recognition of asphyxia in the neonatal period.