A below-normal concentration of glucose in the blood of an infant aged less than four weeks is referred to as neonatal hypoglycemia. This condition frequently gives rise to complications within the initial 24 hours after birth. Sustained low levels of glucose could potentially lead to lasting brain damage.
Neonatal hypoglycemia is infrequent among healthy infants brought to full term. This condition is more likely to manifest in premature newborns and those with lower birth weights due to their diminished glycogen reserves, which is the primary stored form of carbohydrates in the body. It is also more prevalent in babies whose mothers had diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. These infants produce extra insulin before birth, leading to a subsequent drop in their glucose levels after delivery. Furthermore, neonatal hypoglycemia is a concern for babies with inherent metabolic disorders and those born unwell. Difficulties with breastfeeding in the initial days of life can also contribute to the development of this condition.
Typically, neonatal hypoglycemia is identified by symptoms such as trembling, seizures, irritability, limpness, episodes of interrupted breathing (apnea), and inadequate feeding.
Confirmation of neonatal hypoglycemia involves conducting blood tests to assess blood glucose levels.
For infants with an elevated susceptibility to this condition, preventive measures encompass promptly initiating regular feeding, with breastfeeding being the preferred choice. In cases where hypoglycemia reaches a severity that prompts symptoms, intravenous administration of glucose is necessary. Additionally, addressing the root cause is recommended if feasible.