A type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, characterized by excessive number of white blood cells.
An acute form of leukaemia in adults.
Referred to as chronic granulocytic leukemia, this form of leukemia arises from an excess production of granulocytes, a specific type of white blood cell, particularly neutrophils. The exact cause of this condition remains uncertain; however, nearly all individuals affected by it possess a chromosomal anomaly known as the Philadelphia chromosome, wherein a portion of one chromosome becomes linked to another.
Typically, chronic myeloid leukemia progresses through two stages: an extended chronic phase that can span multiple years, followed by an accelerated or acute phase that might persist for several months.
Throughout the chronic phase, symptoms might not be readily apparent, although they could encompass fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Elevated levels of white blood cells could lead to the thickening of blood, impeding its passage through the tiniest vessels and depriving tissues of oxygen. Consequently, visual impairments might occur due to the impact on blood vessels in the eye, while abdominal discomfort may arise from tissue death in the spleen. Additionally, priapism, which is a prolonged and painful erection of the penis, could also manifest.
The indications during the accelerated phase resemble those of acute leukemia.
Diagnosis is established through blood tests and a bone marrow biopsy. Managing the chronic phase involves utilizing anticancer medications or alpha interferons. If an appropriate donor is available, a bone marrow transplant could also be considered. When the illness progresses into the acute phase, the treatment approach aligns with that used for acute leukemia.