A small, brown to black lesion of the oral mucosa that is usually less than 1 cm in diameter, solitary, and asymptomatic. In most instances, this type of macule is benign and requires no therapy. It can, however, be due to melanoma, which will require vigorous therapy without delay. When it is benign, it may be due to Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, physiologic pigmentation, Addison’s disease, or healing of traumatic lesions, or may be secondary to a variety of medications.