An association consisting of all insurers authorized by a State to write a certain kind of insurance, usually some form of liability insurance such as malpractice insurance. Such associations may be required or voluntarily agree to write malpractice insurance on a self-supporting basis. ‘I hey may write such insurance on an exclusive basis, which means individual carriers cannot write such insurance, or on a non-exclusive basis. The JUA approach has been used in State legislation to assure the availability of malpractice insurance. Examples of the powers given to such associations are included in the medical malpractice insurance legislation recently enacted in New York. There, the JUA can issue policies, develop rates, employ a service company to handle the insurance (including claims adjustment), assume reinsurance from its members, and cede reinsurance.