Fibrosing alveolitis is a condition characterized by inflammation and thickening of the walls of the alveoli, which are the small air sacs in the lungs. This inflammation leads to the scarring of lung tissue. Fibrosing alveolitis is more commonly observed in individuals over the age of 60.
Fibrosing alveolitis is typically a chronic condition that develops gradually over months or even years. However, there is a rare acute form that can develop rapidly within a few days or weeks. In both cases, the condition tends to worsen progressively and proves challenging to treat.
In certain instances, fibrosing alveolitis can be linked to an autoimmune disorder, where the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues. It may be associated with conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Other potential causes include radiotherapy of chest organs and treatment with anticancer drugs. However, in many cases, the exact cause remains unknown, and the condition is referred to as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Fibrosing alveolitis presents various symptoms, such as shortness of breath, a persistent dry cough, and joint pains. As the condition advances, breathing becomes more challenging, especially during strenuous physical activity. In severe cases, there is an elevated risk of respiratory failure and chronic heart failure. Additionally, some individuals with this disorder are more vulnerable to developing lung cancer.
The treatment for this condition typically includes a combination of corticosteroid drugs and other immunosuppressant medications to slow down the progression of lung damage. In certain cases, home oxygen therapy may be utilized to help with breathing. For individuals with severe cases, a lung transplant may be a life-saving option.