A kind of birth defect in which an abnormal hole in the diaphragm allows some abdominal organs, especially the intestines, to move into the space normally occupied by the lungs, a situation that can be identified by some kinds of prenatal testing, notably ultrasound. Often the chest space becomes so crowded that the lungs cannot develop normally, so a baby is unable to breathe independently and often dies soon after birth. New experimental techniques allow this defect to be corrected with in utero surgery.
Excessive fluids in and frequency of bowel movements, compared to what is normal in a particular person. Diarrhea often results from gastrointestinal infection but may be a symptom of a wider disorder, such as lactose intolerance or irritable bowel syndrome. In children, especially infants, diarrhea can be extremely dangerous, causing a possibly fatal dehydration (loss of body fluids). Treatment often involves giving a special fluid mixture containing electrolytes, to replace what has been lost.
A rupture in the dome-shaped partition that divides the chest from the abdomen. It may be treated with medication or surgery.
Herniation refers to the protrusion of an abdominal structure into the thorax, the cavity within the chest. One common type of herniation is known as a hiatus hernia, where a portion of the stomach protrudes through the opening in the diaphragm that is typically occupied by the esophagus. The diaphragm, a muscular barrier separating the chest and abdominal cavities, can develop a weakened area or opening, allowing the stomach to extend into the thoracic region. Hiatus hernias are the most prevalent form of this condition and can present with various symptoms, including heartburn, regurgitation, and chest discomfort. While treatment options may vary depending on the severity and impact on an individual’s quality of life, lifestyle modifications and medications are often recommended to manage symptoms associated with hiatus hernias. Surgical intervention may be considered in certain cases. Consulting with a healthcare professional can provide guidance and personalized management strategies for this condition.