Congenital hip dysplasia is a condition that manifests at birth, characterized by the improper fitting of the femoral head (thigh bone) into the socket-like cup of the pelvis, resulting in an abnormal joint formation. This condition can affect one or both hips.
The exact cause of developmental hip dysplasia remains unknown. However, the condition is observed to be more prevalent in girls, particularly in cases where babies are born through breech delivery or after pregnancies with a lower-than-normal amount of amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus.
If the dislocation is identified during early infancy, splints are utilized to reposition the femoral ball into the socket of the joint and maintain its proper alignment. These splints are worn for approximately three months and typically resolve the issue. Monitoring of progress may involve ultrasound scanning and X-rays. In some cases, corrective surgery may be necessary.
In cases where treatment is delayed, lifelong difficulties with walking may arise. Without timely intervention, the dislocation frequently results in leg shortening, limping, and the onset of early osteoarthritis within the joint.