An experiment characterized by a test group and a control group. Experimental conditions are identical for both groups except for a single condition or factor. Comparison of results of the test group with those of the control group should reveal the effect (if any) of the test factor or condition, control; control condition.
A term used in research which refers to comparing an experimental situation with another situation, the control situation, which is as nearly like the experimental situation as possible except for the factor being tested in the experiment. For example, the benefits of a drug may be tested by giving it to the experimental group of patients, while it is not given to the control group, and the results are then compared. Statistical methods are employed to determine whether or not any differences between the fates of the two groups are significant.