Coats’ disease, or exudative retinitis, is a rare eye disorder that is characterized by a white or yellowish matter called telangiectatic malformations in the macular area or peripheral retina. The abnormal enlargement of the retinal blood vessels results in leakage of the yellow matter into the retina. This disease usually occurs within the first 10 years of life and may result in loss of vision or detachment of the retina (National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. [NORD], 1999). The specific etiology of Coats’ disease is unknown, but it is believed to be an anomaly in the embryologic development of retinal blood vessels.
A congenital, unilateral nonhereditary disorder of the retina characterized by aneurysmal dilation of blood vessels with prominent subretinal exudate. This term is used to describe at least six separate retinal disorders.
A condition characterized by a gradual decline in visual function, causing progressive deterioration. Although congenital in nature, this disease typically initiates during childhood and demonstrates a higher incidence in boys compared to girls. The exact cause remains unknown.
Coat’s disease involves the impairment and leakage of fluid from the capillaries, the tiny blood vessels that supply the retina. This condition, known as exudation, hampers the proper functioning of the retina. Typically, only one eye is affected by this disease. The individual may experience visual impairment in the central or peripheral areas of their visual field. Additionally, there is a possibility of developing a squint, and there is an increased risk of retinal detachment.
The diagnosis of Coat’s disease entails examining the retina using an ophthalmoscope and conducting imaging of the blood vessels with the aid of fluorescein dye. Treatment options may involve the utilization of phototherapy (light-based treatment) or cryotherapy (cold-based treatment) to seal the damaged capillaries. Administering these therapies at an early stage can potentially stabilize the disease and even enhance vision. It is worth noting that in certain cases, the disease stabilizes naturally without intervention.