The cerebellum, meaning “little brain,” lies beneath the cerebral cortex and is attached to the brain stem. The cerebellum consists of three lobes, the middle (or vermis) and the outer (right and left) lobes. The cerebellum regulates muscle coordination and balance; therefore, damage to the area often leads to jerky and uncoordinated movements, as well as poor balance. Recent research also associates abnormalities in the cerebellum with cognitive and social deficits, even autistic-like behaviors. Riva and Georgi (2000), for example, demonstrated that children with right hemisphere cerebellum lesions had difficulty processing language and had poor auditory memory, whereas those with left hemisphere cerebellar lesions had visual spatial memory problems. Individuals with lesions in the middle region of the vermis showed added behavioral dysfunction, including autistic-like symptoms and postsurgical mutism.