Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a neurological disorder typically found in infants and children. It is characterized by normal respiration during waking hours but abnormal respiration during sleep. A diagnosis of CCHS should be considered when other brain¬ stem, lung, cardiac, or primary neuromuscular diseases have been ruled out. About 160—180 cases are identified in the world, but because it is so rare, many cases may go undiagnosed due to the physician’s inability to diagnose the condition accurately (American Thoracic Society, 1999). CCHS is often mistaken for other diseases, so it is critical that the disorder be carefully diagnosed. CCHS is sometimes also known as congenital alveolar hypoventilation, congenital failure of autonomic control of respiration, idiopathic alveolar hypoventilation, Ondine’s curse, primary alveolar hypoventilation, primary central hypoventilation syndrome, and idiopathic congenital central hypoventilation syndrome.