Category: P

Milk heated to a specified temperature for a precise length of time and then cooled rapidly. This process kills pathogenic bacteria without appreciably altering the taste of the milk. Pasteurized milk refers to milk that has been partially sterilized by heating to eliminate bacteria and other harmful microorganisms, making it safe for consumption. This process…

A microscope for examining specimens that polarize light or have double refraction.  

A compound microscope to which a diffraction or phase plate and a specialized condenser diaphragm have been added. These make it possible to view details of objects characterized by differences in refractive index and thus delineate a change of phase, such as brightness or color. This microscope is particularly useful for viewing living cells and…

Any microorganism capable of injuring its host, e.g., by competing with it for metabolic resources, destroying its cells or tissues, or secreting toxins. The injurious microorganisms include viruses, bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, protozoa, and some helminths. Pathogenic microorganisms may be carried from one host to another as follows: Animal sources: Some organisms are pathogenic for animals…

Deposition of microscopic concretions throughout the lungs.  

Metabolism involving nucleic acids, present in nuclei of cells, in which they are combined with proteins to form nucleoproteins. In the breakdown of nucleic acid, uric acid, a nitrogenous waste product, is formed.  

The sum of the physical and chemical changes involved in the breakdown and synthesis of proteins in the body. Dietary proteins are digested to amino acids, which are absorbed by the small intestine and used to synthesize enzymes and the structural proteins that are essential for growth and repair of tissue. Amino acids in excess…

Mesoderm lying immediately lateral to the neural tube and notochord.  

Natural or artificial menopause occurring before age 35. Premature menopause, defined as the cessation of ovulation and menstruation prior to the age of 40, can result from various factors. This includes disorders, treatments, or interventions that lead to the destruction or removal of the ovaries or the long-term disruption of ovarian functions. For instance, radiotherapy…

Inflammation of brain and meninges caused by free-living amebae ordinarily found in water, soil, and decaying vegetation. Organisms that can cause primary amebic meningoencephalitis include Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba culbertsoni, and other species of Acanthamoeba. The amebae are acquired by swimming in freshwater lakes and sniffing water into the nasal cavities.