Category: M

Muscle relaxants are medications designed to alleviate muscle spasms and tightness. They are primarily used to treat neurological conditions like multiple sclerosis and painful muscular issues like torticollis. Occasionally, they are also prescribed for muscle stiffness resulting from injuries. Some muscle relaxants are specifically administered to induce temporary paralysis during surgeries performed under general anesthesia.…

Proteins in muscle cells regulate the speed of chemical reactions. By analyzing the levels of these muscle enzymes in the blood, doctors can identify specific disorders. For instance, during a heart attack or myocardial infarction, the damaged heart muscle releases enzymes into the blood at elevated levels. Similarly, in conditions like muscular dystrophy, increased muscle…

An enlarged, weakened section in the wall of the heart’s left ventricle, also known as a ventricular aneurysm.  

Simultaneous impairment of multiple organs. This critical state impacts the lungs, kidneys, various organs, and circulatory system. It is primarily prompted by an intense infection, yet can also result from shock subsequent to severe injury.  

A technique used to examine the heart’s pumping capacity during each heartbeat and assess the proper contraction of various sections of the heart wall. This involves introducing a radioactive isotope into the patient’s red blood cells, allowing the creation of images showing the blood distribution within the heart at different phases of the cardiac cycle.…

Medications that reduce the viscosity of sputum (mucus) and facilitate its expulsion through coughing. An illustrative instance is acetylcysteine.  

A medication that widens blood vessels, utilized for addressing Raynaud’s disease. Potential adverse effects encompass nausea, diarrhea, sudden heat sensations, headaches, and feelings of dizziness.  

Types of cancerous growths that arise in the lips, tongue, and inside of the mouth. The most prevalent kinds are lip and tongue cancer. Risk factors for mouth cancer include smoking, inadequate oral hygiene, consuming alcoholic beverages, using chewing tobacco, and inhaling snuff. Irritation from poorly fitting dentures or sharp teeth can also increase the…

A condition that can impact individuals who quickly rise to elevations above 2,400-3,000 meters. Known as mountain sickness or altitude sickness, it’s a result of the diminished atmospheric pressure and oxygen concentrations present at such heights. Individuals impacted tend to breathe rapidly and deeply to make up for the oxygen deficit, causing the carbon dioxide…

Medications that promote movement in the gastrointestinal system are known as motility stimulants. There are primarily two categories: those acting as antiemetic drugs affecting the upper gastrointestinal system, like metoclopramide and domperidone; and laxative drugs, such as dantron and senna, which help address constipation.