Category: K

Diagnostic scanning performed to detect anatomic abnormalities in the kidneys, including a tumor, mass, cyst, or kidney stone. It may also be performed to pinpoint the location of a kidney during a kidney biopsy or to examine the blood vessels that supply blood to the kidneys. Specific types of kidney imaging include ultrasound scanning, angiography,…

Diagnostic evaluations performed to determine the level of a person’s kidney function. Kidney function tests involve taking blood and urine for analysis in a laboratory to determine the levels of substances that measure the ability of the kidneys to filter the blood properly. Diagnostic examinations conducted to explore kidney-related conditions include various tests. Urinalysis, a…

A common, usually benign (noncancerous) lesion on the kidney. Kidney cysts are hollow, round growths that contain a watery fluid. About half of the people over age 50 in the United States have at least one kidney cyst. A sac filled with fluid that forms within the kidney. Cysts are frequently observed in individuals aged…

A cancer that originates in the kidney. Symptoms may include pain on one side of the back, blood in the urine, a mass in the abdomen or side, high blood pressure, and fever. Some people with kidney cancer also experience loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, constipation, weakness, and fatigue. A malignancy affecting the kidney…

The taking of a tiny sample of kidney tissue to help determine the cause of protein or blood in the urine or to monitor the effectiveness of treatments for kidney disorders. A kidney biopsy is done by administering a local anesthesia and then inserting a sterile, narrow, hollow needle into a kidney to extract tissue,…

A surgical procedure to replace the knee joint with a specially designed prosthetic joint. The surface of the knee joint may be worn away by osteoarthritis, fractures, rheumatoid arthritis, or gout, making walking and normal daily activities difficult and painful. The first line of medical treatment for such symptoms includes recommendations for weight loss, anti-inflammatory…

A technique used to record graphically the motions of body organs, such as the heart and the great blood vessels. An instrument for recording the flow and varying pressure of the blood within blood vessels. An apparatus for recording the movements of a writing pen, designed so that the pen moves in response to a…

A blood test for syphilis.  

A normal response of the knee muscles that occurs when the physician uses an instrument to strike the leg below the knee joint. This is done as part of a neurological examination to test reflexes. The extension of the lower leg upon striking the patellar tendon when the knee is flexed at a right angle.…

The use of an endoscope to inspect the interior of the knee joint, to diagnose a tom cartilage or other abnormality.