Category: I

The production of insulin by beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas.  

A rare cause of hypoglycemia, in which low levels of blood glucose are found in the setting of high levels of immunoreactive insulin, low levels of free insulin, and the presence of anti-insulin antibodies in the blood. The disease is often associated with other autoimmune disorders and frequently follows the treatment for those disorders (e.g.,…

Antibodies to the hormone insulin. They are, in addition to antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase and protein tyrosine phosphatase-like molecules, one of the markers of type 1 diabetes mellitus.  

Long-acting insulin with onset in 6 to 8 hr and a duration of 30 to 36 hr.  

A synthetic insulin with a very rapid onset and short duration of action. Diabetic patients typically use it immediately before meals to prevent postprandial hyperglycemia. Its absorption is more rapid than regular insulin. It is made by reversing the amino acids lysine and proline in the beta chain of the insulin polypeptide (hence its name…

Intermediate-acting insulin with onset in ½ to 1 hr and a duration of 18 to 28 hr.  

The places on the body that are suitable for injecting insulin. Because insulin is administered at least once daily, it is important to have a plan for selecting the site. The best sites for insulin injection are in the subcutaneous tissue of the abdomen. The arms and legs can also be used, but insulin uptake…

Insulin given by inspiration, with the use of an inhaler. It may be composed of liquid droplets or a dry powder. One inhaled insulin product was removed from use in 2008 because of its adverse effects on the lungs.  

A form of insulin that provides basal insulin coverage throughout the day, with little variation in drug levels. It is typically administered as a single injection (often at bedtime) and is usually part of a regimen that includes multiple injections of short-acting insulins or multiple doses of metformin at meal time. It is made by…

A rapidly acting insulin administered subcutaneously, with action similar to that of insulin lispro. Aspartic acid replaces proline at a crucial position in the insulin molecule.