Category: G

Proteins that are rich in the amino acid histidine (and hence basic), relatively deficient in isoleucine, and contain average amounts of arginine and tryptophan. Often found as the protein part of conjugated proteins such as haemoglobin. A protein which combines with other substances to form compounds such as haemoglobin and myoglobin. The polypeptide components of…

One of the proteins that make up wheat gluten. Allergy to, or intolerance of, gliadin is coeliac disease. Water-soluble protein present in the gluten of wheat. The sticky mass that results when wheat flour and water are mixed is due to gliadin. A protein, soluble in alcohol, that is obtained from wheat. It is one…

Intestinal inflammation and diarrhoea caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia. An infection of the intestines caused by a protozoan possessing flagella. A disorder of the intestine caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia, usually with no symptoms, but in heavy infections the absorption of fat may be affected, causing diarrhoea. Infection of the…

Changes (i.e. variability) in one or more base pairs in the DNA gene sequence encoding a specific protein, which result in the substitution of different amino acids in that protein, which may subtly alter its function. Such polymorphisms, in human populations, are of increasing research interest because in some cases they may alter requirements for…

The name used to cover the different chemical forms of a vitamin that have the same biological activity.  

Designation given to food additives when further evidence was required before the substance could be classified more precisely (US usage). US Food and Drug Administration classification of a substance that is “generally regarded as safe” by experts for consumption in foodstuffs.  

The synthesis of protein molecules using the triplet code of mRNA.  

Conversion of genomic DNA into mRNA.  

Feeding a liquid diet directly into the stomach through a tube that has been surgically introduced through the abdominal wall.  

Surgical alteration of the shape and capacity of the stomach, without removing any part. Has been used as a treatment for severe obesity. A surgical alteration of the stomach, frequently for losing weight. Surgery to correct a deformed stomach. Reduction of the stomach size via surgery. Surgical procedure for severe obesity in which the size…