Category: G
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Glucose tolerance factor (GTF)
An organic complex containing chromium. A chromium-containing compound that enhances the function of insulin and helps regulate glucose metabolism.
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Glucose syrup
A type of glucose polymer. A syrup that cannot be crystallized, created by the partial transformation of starch into glucose, a type of sugar that exists naturally as dextrose and has a sweetness level that is only approximately half that of cane sugar.
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Glucose polymers
Oligosaccharides of glucose linked with alpha 1,4 and alpha 1,6 glycosidic links. Glucose polymers (or maltodextrins) are relatively short chains of glucose units linked by glycosidic bonds. Glucose polymers are produced by partial hydrolysis of starch molecules, which contain many more glucose units linked together. Although current evidence suggests that glucose polymers offer no advantage…
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Glucosan
A general term for polysaccharides of glucose, such as starch, cellulose, and glycogen.
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Gluco-oligosaccharide
A non-digestible oligosaccharide of glucose containing alpha 1,2 and alpha 1,6 glycosidic links.
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Glucomannan
A polysaccharide consisting of glucose and mannose. Glucomannan is a component of konjac root, and has a chemical structure similar to that of galactomannan from guar gum, which contains a polysaccharide chain of glucose and mannose. It has been claimed to reduce cholesterol, normalize blood sugar, relieve stress on the pancreas, depress blood sugar abnormalities,…
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Glucagon
A hormone secreted by the a-cells of the pancreas which causes an increase in blood glucose by increasing the breakdown of liver glycogen and stimulating gluconeogenesis. A hormone produced by the pancreas that increases the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood. A hormone produced by the pancreas that causes the breakdown of glycogen in…
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Glossitis
Inflammation of the tongue; may be one of the signs of riboflavin deficiency. Inflammation of the surface of the tongue which may be caused by irritation from food, infection, or vitamin B deficiency. A shiny red appearance of the tongue. Inflammation of the tongue. This can be caused by many factors, including smoking, strong foods,…
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Glomerular filtration rate
The rate at which fluid is filtered through the kidney at the renal glomerulus, usually expressed in ml/min. It increases in normal pregnancy and is decreased in renal failure. The rate at which the kidneys filter blood and remove waste matter. A test used as an indicator of renal function that reflects the ability of…
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Globulins
Globular (as opposed to fibrous) proteins that are relatively insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute salt solutions. That portion of blood serum that contains the antibodies. A protein, present in blood, belonging to a group that includes antibodies. A protein that is globular in shape. There are several. Gamma globulin is a protein that…