Category: G

Pertaining to bacteria, holding the color of the primary stain (blue) when treated with Gram’s stain (a commercial staining agent), or Gentian violet solution. In contrast to the gram-negative bacteria, the gram-positive bacteria possess a much thicker peptidoglycan cell wall (capsule). Because of this, the blue crystal violet dye (with which the bacteria were stained)…

Pertaining to one of the most important ways of classifying bacteria by means of the differences in the way they stain. The set of bacteria that are not able to be stained (blue) when treated with the gram staining procedure. Gram negativity (and gram positivity) is conferred not by the chemical constituents of the bacteria,…

The weight in grams of a compound that is numerically equal to its molecular weight; the weight of one mole (6.02 X 10²³ molecules). The mass or weight in grams of a substance equal to its molecular mass/weight.  

The rejection of transplanted organs by the recipient’s immune system. Also known as hyperacute rejection. It is caused by the attack of the recipient’s T lymphocytes (i.e., T cells, a certain class of white blood cells) on the transplanted organ. The recipient’s T cells are able to distinguish between self and foreign cells, and are…

An adhesion molecule (glycoprotein) on the envelope (surface membrane) of HIV (i.e., AIDS-causing) viruses that directly interacts with the CD4 protein on helper T cells; enabling the HIV viruses to bind to and infect helper T cells. In 1994, a group at America’s Scripps Research Institute led by Dennis Burton and Carlos Barbas III announced…

A set of rules and regulations issued by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that establishes broad methodological guidelines for procedures and record keeping. They are to be followed in laboratories involved in the testing and/or preparation of pharmaceuticals. GLPs also apply to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (e.g., toxicity testing of new herbicides).  

The Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) that is required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for studies of the safety and toxicological effects of new drugs for livestock.  

The primary “sorting centers” of cells, and the mechanism for glycosylation of (i.e., adding oligosaccharide and polysaccharide branches onto) proteins; before those proteins are then transported by transfer vesicles to lysosomes, secretory vesicles, or the plasma membrane. Visually, a Golgi complex is a stack of flattened membranous sacs (usually six sacs in mammal cells and…

Group of National Experts on Safety in Biotechnology. The group of people within the OECD that developed OECD’s guidelines for nations to utilize in their safety evaluations of foods derived from biotechnology.  

One of several forms of active ingredient utilized in some glyphosate-based herbicides.