Category: G

A dephosphorylated form of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) important in the activation of substances participating in the biosynthesis of proteins.  

A condition in which the movement of ingesta through the stomach is slower than normal. Delayed emptying of food from the stomach into the small bowel. Gastroparesis occurs acutely in patients receiving parenteral nutrition. It may also be a chronic complication of diseases marked by autonomic failure, such as diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, and…

The time that elapses between food entry and fecal excretion of the residual nondigested food components.  

Combustible gases produced in the digestive tract by microbial fermentation of food. Methane is the chief combustible gas in the ruminant. Hydrogen, carbon monoxide, acetone, ethane, and hydrogen sulfide are produced in trace amounts.  

A cerebroside containing glucose and/or galactose and neuraminic acid (an amino uronic acid). One of a group of glycolipids found in the brain, liver, spleen, and red blood cells (they are particularly abundant in nerve cell membranes). Gangliosides are chemically similar to cerebrosides but contain additional carbohydrate groups. A particular class of glycosphingolipid present in…

Gut associated lymphoid tissue; plays a role in the activity of the immune system.  

A 30-amino acid peptide found in the neurons of the gastrointestinal submucosa. It can inhibit the release of somatostatin, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, and neurotensin. It serves as a stimulator of food intake. A peptide neurotransmitter with numerous functions in the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. It stimulates gastrointestinal smooth muscle contraction and inhibits…

A form of obesity surgery that causes restriction by forming a smaller stomach pouch with staples or with a plastic band whose diameter can be adjusted.  

A form of obesity surgery that involves restriction (forming a smaller stomach that fills up quickly) and bypassing the early portion of the small intestine (leading to poorer absorption of food calories). Surgical creation of a small stomach pouch with anastomosis of the stomach with the jejunum, reducing caloric absorption as a treatment for morbid…

A cutting technique in which there is a subtle and gradual buildup of weight, typically in the back of the hair, that adds strength and style to many different looks. In education in general, moving on from one level of learning to another, such as from addition to subtraction, or promotion from one grade to…