Category: D

The application of aesthetics to natural or artificial teeth or restorations, usually with regard to form and color.  

The ability to register optical details of objects that are far from the eye, e.g., on a chart positioned 20 ft away from the viewer in a test of visual acuity.  

The function of a drug in various body systems.  

The mistreatment or injury of individuals in a domestic setting. Such abuse includes physical violence (e.g., striking or forcibly restraining or raping a family member), passive abuse (e.g., withholding access to resources needed to maintain health), psychological or emotional abuse (e.g., demeaning, devaluing, intimidating, or instilling fear by threat of physical harm or abandonment), and…

The list of disorders resulting in diminished vision is huge. Disturbance of vision can result from an uncorrected refractive error, disease or injury of the cornea, iris, lens, vitreous, retina, choroid or sclera of the eye. It may also result from disease or injury to the structures comprising the visual pathway from the retina to…

Diseases of the urinary bladder are diagnosed by the patient’s symptoms and signs, examination of the urine, and using investigations such as x-rays and ultrasound scans. The interior of the bladder can be examined using a cystoscope, which is a fibreoptic endoscope that is passed into the bladder via the urethra.  

Gastritis is the description for several unrelated diseases of the gastric mucosa.  

The following are described under their separate dictionary entries: faeces; haemorrhoids; fistula; diarrhoea; constipation.  

Oophoritis (infection of the ovaries) rarely occurs alone, except in viral infections such as mumps. Usually it is associated with infection of the fallopian tubes. It may occur as a complication of a miscarriage, a therapeutic abortion, or the birth of a baby. Cases not associated with pregnancy typically result from sexual activity: the most…

Oesophagitis is inflammation of the oesophagus and may be due to swallowing a corrosive chemical (corrosive oesophagitis) or because the muscles of the lower part of the oesophagus fail to work properly (achalasia), allowing the stomach’s acidic contents to regurgitate (reflux oesophagitis). hiatus hernia is sometimes associated with the latter condition. Diagnosis can be made…