Category: C

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency (CPT) is an extremely rare genetic disorder of mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation. Two forms of this genetic defect have been described: CPT-I and CPT-II. CPT-I is a more severe form (hepatocardiomuscular syndrome) associated with onset in infancy. CPT-II is a milder form of muscle disease associated with an adult presentation.  

Cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome, also known as cardio-facial-cutaneous syndrome and facio-cardio- cutaneous syndrome, affects both males and females. It is a rare genetic disorder found in children that is diagnosed based on specific physical appearances of the head, face, chest, hands, skin, and/or heart, in addition to visual impairment, growth delays, and/or varying degrees of mental…

Cafe au lait spots refer to hyperpigmented areas of the skin. The spots are flat, sharply demarcated, more or less oval patches that are light to medium brown in color. The coffee-stain appearance is reflected by the name, which means “coffee with milk” in French. The long axis of the cafe au lait spot or…

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a family of inherited disorders that result from the inability of the adrenal glands to sufficiently synthesize hormones known as corticosteroids. The various types of congenital adrenal hyperplasia are caused by enzyme deficiencies in different stages of hormone production. A group of disorders caused by a deficiency of the enzyme that…

Cordyceps sinensis is an herb that has been used for centuries in China as a health stimulant. It is considered a bioactive compound with the purported ability to alter metabolism and has been used to treat multiple conditions including lung, kidney, and cardiovascular problems as well as for body strengthening after illness or strenuous training.…

Complementary proteins are foods that provide proteins that when eaten together supply all of the essential amino acids in proportions required to meet the demands for normal growth and development. Historically, protein complementation, the process of combining complementary proteins within a meal, was considered important for normal protein nutriture of vegetarians; however, most nutritionists now…

A cation is an ion with a positive charge. The term ion refers to a chemical that has either a positive or negative charge. An ion with a positive electric charge; opposite of anion. It is attracted by the cathode (negative pole). A positively charged ion that migrates towards the cathode within an electric solution…

Ciwujia is an herb from China that has been marketed to enhance fat utilization and endurance performance in animals and humans. Well-designed research currently available does not provide any indication that ciwujia may alter metabolism in a way that can delay fatigue, however. Until solid research supporting an ergogenic benefit is available, ciwujia cannot be…

The purported effects of citrus arantium by purveyors of this herb are increased fat oxidation and greater body fat loss. The suggested active ingredient in these preparations is the compound synephrine. Neither citrus arantium nor synephrine have been well- studied regarding their potential influence on exercise performance.  

Scientists have theorized that since branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are used extensively by muscle tissue for energy during exercise, the subsequent drop in plasma concentrations of BCAA combined with the displacement of tryptophan from albumin by an increase in concentration of free fatty acids can result in perceived exertion and thus premature fatigue. Tryptophan more…