Category: B

Term used by Otto rank (1884–1939) to relate his theories of anxiety and neurosis to what he believed to be the inevitable psychic shock of being born. An injury caused to a a baby delivery. Any injury occurring to a baby during the act of birth. In psychiatry it refers to mental trauma alleged to…

In the self psychology of heinz kohut (1913–1981), the final psychic structure that emerges following successful development and transformations of infantile constellations (equivalent to the mature human psyche of id, ego, and superego). The structure begins as the nuclear self made up of the grandiose self and the idealized parental imago. In successful development, the…

In dsm-iv-tr, a group of mood disorders that includes bipolar disorder, single episode; bipolar disorder, recurrent; and cyclothymic disorder. In dsm-iv-tr, bipolar i disorder includes a manic episode at some time during its course. In any particular patient, the bipolar disordermay take the form of a single manic episode (rare), or it may consist of…

An anticholinergic medication used as an adjuvant in the therapy of all forms of parkinsonism and to control medicationinduced extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). Marketed under the brand Name akineton. A drug with effects similar to those of atropine, used in the treatment of parkinsonism, certain forms of spasticity, and to control the muscular incoordination that may…

A creative synthesis of a clinical case, drawing on elements from the levels of biology, psychology, and sociology and expressed chronologically. It allows the clinician to get a comprehensive picture of the physical, mental, and environmental influences on a patient’s health.  

Cyclical variations in physiological and biochemical function, level of activity, and emotional state. Circadian rhythms have a cycle of about 24 hours, ultradian rhythms have a cycle that is shorter than 1 day, and infradian rhythms have a cycle that may last weeks or months. The regular occurrence of certain phenomena in living organisms.  

A school of psychiatric thought that emphasizes physical, chemical, and neurological causes of psychiatric illness and treatment approaches. The field of psychiatry embraces a distinctive methodology that seeks to comprehend the intricacies of mental disorders by delving into the underlying biological and biochemical mechanisms of the central nervous system. Through this lens, an in-depth exploration…

Organic substances of interest because of their possible role in brain functioning; subdivided into catecholamines (e.g., tyrosine, phenylalanine, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) and indoleamines (e.g., tryptophan, serotonin). The biosynthetic pathway for the catecholamines is tyrosine → dihydroxyphenylalanine → dopamine → norepinephrine → epinephrine. The biosynthetic pathway for the indoleamines is tryptophan → serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) → 5-hiaa…

The theory that abnormalities in the physiology and metabolism of biogenic amines—particularly the catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine and the indoleamine serotonin—are involved in the causes and courses of certain psychiatric illnesses. This hypothesis was derived originally from a serendipitous discovery that monoamine oxidase inhibitors (maois) and certain tricyclic drugs had mood-elevating properties and that these…

The chemistry of living organisms and of the changes occurring therein. The study of chemical processes that comprise living things (systems). The chemistry of life and living matter. Despite the dramatic differences in the appearances of living things, the basic chemistry of all organisms is strikingly similar. Even tiny one-celled creatures carry out essentially the…