Category: B

A baby or child whose body provides evidence of physical abuse such as bruises, cuts, scars, fractures, or abdominal visceral injuries that have occurred at various times in the past.  

Surgical enlargement of the urinary bladder with a segment of bowel. The technique enlarges the reservoir of the bladder and enhances the compliance of the detrusor muscles. It is used especially in patients with neurogenic bladder problems that are refractory to medical therapy. When a major portion of the bladder is resected (malignancy), an isolated…

A term proposed by the National Stroke Association to describe the sudden loss of neurological function that constitutes a stroke. The term was designed to be similar to “heart attack” to convey the emergent nature of strokes and the need for affected patients to seek care immediately, when treatments may do the most good in…

Atrophic tissue that is yellowish-brown rather than its normal color. It is seen principally in the heart and liver of the aged. The pigmentation is due to the presence of lipofuscin, the “wear and tear” pigment that may be associated with aging. Its presence in tissue is a sign of injury from free radicals.  

Ataxia due to a lesion in the medulla oblongata or pons.  

A colloquial term for reactive airway disease caused by inhalation of airborne wheat proteins in occupational settings.  

Infection of joints associated with fever and other systemic symptoms. Joint destruction occurs if the infection is not treated expeditiously. Removal of pus from the joint is necessary. In older or immunosuppressed patients, the most common causative organism is Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococci, anaerobes, or gram-negative bacteria are found in prosthetic joint infections. Gonococci and Borrelia…

A branch of the thoracic aorta, supplying blood to the bronchioles and connective tissue of the lungs.  

The type of cardiac arrest marked by an extremely slow pulse, usually less than 30 beats/min. This can be due to increased vagal stimulation, progressive heart block, hypoxemia, drugs such as beta blockers, or other causes.  

Hard, swollen arm caused by lymphedema after mastectomy.