Category: B

A blue naevus is a specific type of skin blemish characterized by a dark blue or black hue and a well-defined border. These naevi are benign, meaning they are noncancerous. They consist of a cluster of melanocytes, which are cells responsible for producing pigment. The accumulation of these pigment-producing cells gives rise to the distinctive…

A technique for analyzing an individual’s blood glucose (sugar) levels involves a simple process that only requires a small drop of blood obtained from a fingertip prick. The blood is applied onto a specialized test strip containing a chemical that reacts with the glucose in the blood sample. The glucose level can be determined either…

A diagnostic test involves placing a small drop of blood onto a glass slide, which is then examined under a microscope. The blood film is stained with dyes to enhance the visibility of blood cells, enabling clearer observation and analysis. This test enables the assessment of the shape and appearance of blood cells to identify…

Laboratory tests play a vital role in the screening and diagnosis of bleeding disorders. These disorders typically stem from deficiencies or irregularities in blood coagulation factors or platelets. Additionally, these tests are utilized to monitor the effectiveness of anticoagulant drug treatments, as excessive doses of such medications may lead to bleeding complications.  

In a surgical procedure, an anastomosis is created connecting one of the two subclavian arteries, responsible for supplying oxygenated blood to the neck and arms, with one of the pulmonary arteries, which transport blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. This shunt serves as a temporary intervention for congenital…

Tumors that originate in the inner lining of the bladder can give rise to various growths. Papillomas, which resemble small wart-like formations, often exhibit a tendency to reoccur and can potentially progress into cancerous conditions. Additionally, there are more aggressive growths that may not only infiltrate the bladder cavity but also penetrate the bladder wall,…

Bisphosphonate drugs are commonly employed to regulate bone metabolism, especially in conditions like Paget’s disease, where excessive bone breakdown occurs. These medications are also utilized to lower elevated levels of calcium in the blood resulting from bone destruction caused by secondary cancerous growths. Furthermore, bisphosphonates may be prescribed for the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis,…

Birthweight refers to the weight of a newborn baby at the time of birth, typically ranging from 2.5 to 4.5 kilograms. It is influenced by various factors, including the size and ethnic background of the parents. On average, baby boys tend to weigh slightly more than baby girls. Infants weighing less than 2.5 kilograms at…

A birthing pool is a comforting option for women during labor, offering a warm water environment that can help alleviate pain. By sitting in the pool, women can experience pain relief and relaxation, which may contribute to a more positive birthing experience. The soothing properties of warm water have been found to promote a sense…

The Binet test, developed in 1905, marked the first intelligence assessment designed to measure higher cognitive functions rather than basic abilities. It aimed to evaluate advanced mental capabilities rather than primitive skills.