A disease in which malignant cells are found in the tissues of the nasopharynx. It occurs most commonly among people who are heavy cigarette smokers. Cancer of the nasopharynx usually occurs after the age of 50 and is more common in men than in women. One known risk factor for this cancer is infection by the Epstein-Barr virus (a herpesvirus that causes mononucleosis).
A malignant growth that initiates within the nasopharynx (the upper region of the throat positioned behind the nose) and typically extends to involve the nasal cavity, nasal sinuses, base of the skull, and lymph nodes of the neck.
Nasopharyngeal cancer is infrequent in Western regions but comparably prevalent in the Far East; the underlying causes for this discrepancy remain uncertain. This type of cancer predominantly affects individuals aged between 30 and 60 years.
Risk factors that elevate the likelihood of developing this cancer encompass dietary habits (such as consuming high amounts of salt-cured fish), smoking, and viral infections—particularly, infection with the Epstein–Barr virus. Additionally, individuals exposed to hardwood dust or nickel dust in their occupational settings for prolonged periods face an augmented risk and should adopt preventive measures.
In its early stages, nasopharyngeal cancer might not exhibit any noticeable symptoms. It could go undetected until the tumor extends to a lymph node, leading to painless enlargement in the neck.
When symptoms do arise, they might encompass facial swelling, frequent nosebleeds, nasal discharge, and difficulty while swallowing. Furthermore, loss of the sense of smell, double vision, hearing impairment, facial paralysis on one side, alterations in voice, and intense facial pain could also manifest if adjacent nerves become impacted.
The diagnosis involves utilizing endoscopy, which involves internally examining and observing with a visual tube. During this procedure, a biopsy can also be performed, involving the extraction of a small tissue sample for microscopic evaluation. Additionally, an MRI scan, a method generating cross-sectional or three-dimensional internal body images, and X-rays are essential for gauging the tumor’s scope and its impact on adjacent structures.
Typically, treatment involves radiotherapy, although surgical removal of the tumor might be necessary in certain instances. When addressed promptly, a favorable prognosis can be anticipated.