Bronchodilators are medications that expand the bronchioles, which are the small airways within the lungs, with the aim of enhancing airflow and promoting better breathing. They are particularly employed in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), conditions characterized by inflammation and damage to the lungs.
There exist three primary categories of bronchodilator medications. Sympathomimetics, such as salbutamol, are primarily employed for the rapid alleviation of breathing difficulties. Anticholinergics, like ipratropium, and xanthines, such as aminophylline, are more commonly used for the long-term prevention of breathing difficulties and asthma attacks. Bronchodilators can be administered through inhalers, tablets, and, in severe cases, via nebulizers or injections.
The primary side effects of sympathomimetics include palpitations and trembling. Anticholinergics, on the other hand, may lead to dry mouth, blurred vision, and, in rare cases, difficulty in urination. Xanthines can potentially cause headaches, nausea, and palpitations.