Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., genetic engineering) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include transfection and cloning technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction.
The means or way of manipulating life forms (organisms) to provide desirable products for man’s use. For example, beekeeping and cattle breeding could be considered to be biotechnology-related endeavors. The word biotechnology was coined in 1919 by Karl Ereky, to apply to the interaction of biology with human technology.
However, usage of the word biotechnology in the United States has come to mean all parts of an industry that knowingly create, develop, and market a variety of products through the willful manipulation, on a molecular level, of life forms or utilization of knowledge pertaining to living systems.
A common misconception is that biotechnology refers only to recombinant DNA (rDNA) work. However, recombinant DNA is only one of the many techniques used to derive products from organisms, plants, and parts of both for the biotechnology industry. A list of areas covered by the term biotechnology would more properly include: recombinant DNA, plant tissue culture, rDNA or gene splicing, enzyme systems, plant breeding, meristem culture, mammalian cell culture, immunology, molecular biology, fermentation, and others.
The use of biological processes in industrial production, e.g. in the production of drugs.
Development of products by a biological process. The process may use intact organisms, such as bacteria and yeasts, or use natural substances from organisms. The manipulations are generally at the molecular genetic level.
The use of living organisms or biological processes in technical industrial applications.
Biotechnology involves the utilization of living organisms, such as bacteria, in various industries and scientific fields. One prominent application is the use of these organisms in drug production.