Author: Glossary
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Butorphanol tartrate
An opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic medication used to treat migraine headaches and pain refractory to other standard treatments. Butorphanol may be habit forming. Marketed Under the brand name Stadol NS; generic formulations are also Available.
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Buspirone
A nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic medication of the azapirone class. Buspirone is believed to exert its anxiolytic effects through partial agonism of 5-ht1a serotonin receptors in the brain. Marketed under the brand name buspar. A tranquilizer; an antianxiety drug. Buspirone (Buspar) is used to treat chronic anxiety and has been used to treat anxiety with depression and…
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Buspar
Brand name for the nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic drug buspirone.
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Burnout
A stress reaction that develops in persons working in an area of unrelenting occupational demands. Symptoms include impaired work performance, fatigue, insomnia, depression, increased susceptibility to physical illness, and reliance on alcohol or other drugs of abuse for temporary relief. The process of losing interest and motivation in teaching or other occupation. A feeling of…
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Bupropion
An atypical antidepressant of the aminoketone class that is believed to increase norepinephrine and possibly dopamine neurotransmission in the brain. Bupropion is approved for the treatment of depression (as brand name wellbutrin) and nicotine addiction (as brand name zyban) and is also used off-label to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). An antidepressant medication that is also…
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Buprenorphine
An opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic medication approved for the treatment of opiate abuse. In the united states, a special federal waiver (granted to physicians who meet specified training requirements) is required to prescribe buprenorphine in the outpatient setting for the treatment of opioid addiction. Marketed under the brand name buprenex. An opiate drug used in the…
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Buprenex
Brand name for the opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic drug buprenorphine.
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Bulimia nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behavior such as purging (i.e., self-induced vomiting or the use of diuretics and laxatives) or other methods of weight control (e.g., strict dieting, fasting, or vigorous exercise). An eating disorder, characterised by powerful and intractable urges to overeat, followed by self-induced vomiting…
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Bromocriptine
A mixed dopamine agonist-antagonist medication used to treat parkinson’s disease and hyperprolactinemia. Bromocriptine may also have utility in the treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, cocaine withdrawal, and depression. Marketed under the brand names cycloset and parlodel. A drug which functions like dopamine, used to treat excessive lactation, breast pain, some forms of infertility, growth disorder…
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Brodmann areas
Regions of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture, or the organization of the cortex as observed when tissue is stained for nerve cells. Brodmann areas were originally defined and numbered by Korbinian Brodmann (1868–1918) and were referred to by numbers from 1 to 52. Brodmann published his maps of cortical areas in…