Author: Glossary
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Sleep disorders
In dsm-iv-tr, this category includes Primary Sleep disorders (dyssomnias and parasomnias), sleep disorders (insomnia or hypersomnia) related to another mental disorder, and other sleep disorders (including sleep disorders due to a general medical condition or induced by substance intoxication or withdrawal). A host of disorders including insomnia, narcolepsy, restless leg syndrome, parasomnia, and sleep apnea…
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Sleep apnea
Temporary cessation of breathing while asleep. The disorder is most commonly caused by obstruction of the airway from excessive tissue associated with obesity (i.e., obstructive sleep apnea), but it can also occur when the brain does not send the signal to the muscles to take a breath, resulting in no muscular effort to take a…
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Sleep
The recurring period of relative physical and psychological disengagement from one’s environment accompanied by characteristic electroencephalogram (EEG) findings and divisible into two categories: non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, also known as orthodox or synchronized (S) sleep; and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, also referred to as paradoxical or desynchronized (D) sleep. Dreaming sleep is another,…
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Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
A nuclear medicine tomographic imaging technique using gamma rays that provides true three-dimensional information. SPECT scanning reveals how blood flows to tissues and organs. Studies have shown that it might be more sensitive to brain injury than either magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scanning because it can detect reduced blood flow to…
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Sinequan
Brand name (now discontinued) for the tricyclic antidepressant drug doxepin.
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Sinemet
Brand name for the antiparkinsonian medication carbidopalevodopa. The commercial name for a combination of levodopa and carbidopa is co-careldopa, a medication used to treat Parkinson’s disease.
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Simultanagnosia
Inability to comprehend more than one element of a visual scene at the same time or to integrate the parts into a whole. The failure to perceive simultaneously all the elements of a scene.
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Silok
A culture-specific syndrome.
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Sildenafil
A phosphodiesterase inhibitor medication used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (male erectile disorder). Marketed under the brand name viagra. A phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor and anti-impotence agent, administered orally to treat erectile dysfunction. A medication utilized for addressing impotence, sildenafil is widely recognized by its brand name Viagra. It is accessible exclusively through a…
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Signal anxiety
An ego mechanism that results in activation of defensive operations to protect the ego from being overwhelmed by an excess of excitement. The anxiety reaction that was originally experienced in a traumatic situation is reproduced in an attenuated form, allowing defenses to be mobilized before the current threat becomes overwhelming. Attenuated anxiety that functions as…