Author: Glossary

Designation given to food additives when further evidence was required before the substance could be classified more precisely (US usage). US Food and Drug Administration classification of a substance that is “generally regarded as safe” by experts for consumption in foodstuffs.  

The synthesis of protein molecules using the triplet code of mRNA.  

Conversion of genomic DNA into mRNA.  

Feeding a liquid diet directly into the stomach through a tube that has been surgically introduced through the abdominal wall.  

Surgical alteration of the shape and capacity of the stomach, without removing any part. Has been used as a treatment for severe obesity. A surgical alteration of the stomach, frequently for losing weight. Surgery to correct a deformed stomach. Reduction of the stomach size via surgery. Surgical procedure for severe obesity in which the size…

Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach and/or small or large intestine, normally resulting from infection. Inflammation of the stomach and small intestines. It is more frequently infectious than simple gastritis and is often accompanied by fever and general malaise. Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, associated with nausea, pain and vomiting. A generalized infection…

Ahormone secreted by the mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum in response to absorbed fat and carbohydrate which stimulates the pancreas to secrete insulin. Also known as glucose- dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.  

Concretions composed of cholesterol, bile pigments, and calcium salts, formed in the bile duct of the gallbladder when the bile becomes supersaturated. A solid or semi-solid body in the gall bladder or bile duct. The presence of stones in the gallbladder. Hard, calcium compounds formed in the gallbladder or bile duct, gall. A condition in…

The organ situated in the liver which stores the bile formed in the liver before its secretion into the small intestine.  

A six-carbon monosaccharide, differing from glucose only in position of the hydroxyl group on carbon-4. A 6-carbon sugar obtained by hydrolysis of lactose. A monosaccharide occurring in both levo (L) and dextro (D) forms as a constituent of plant and animal oligosaccharides (lactose and raffinose) and polysaccharides (agar and pectin). Galactose is also known as…