Author: Glossary

A test of shoulder function with several variations designed to detect asymmetries in range of motion observed during adduction, flexion, extension, internal rotation, and external rotation. The patient performs instructed movements involving positioning the hand to touch the opposite shoulder in the scapular region from behind the back and over the shoulder.  

Defective development of a localized area of the skin, usually on the scalp. The area is usually covered by a thin, translucent membrane.  

Congenital defect of the axon formation on the surface of the cerebral cortex.  

Free from or correcting spherical aberration.  

In alternative medicine, the application of bee stings or their chemical constituents for their putative anti-inflammatory effects. Apitherapy has been used by some health care practitioners to treat arthritis and multiple sclerosis, among other disorders.  

Surgical removal of the mucoperiosteum and bone in order to expose the apex of the root of a tooth.  

A phylum of the kingdom Protista (formerly a division of protozoa called Sporozoa); named for a complex of cell organelles (apical microtubule complex) at the apex of the sporozoite form that can penetrate host cells. It includes the medically important genera Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium, and Isospora.  

Destruction of a dental root apex.  

An instrument for locating the apex of the root of a tooth.  

Visible heaving of the chest over the apex of the heart. This usually indicates left ventricular hypertrophy.