Author: Glossary
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Conservation of energy
The principle according to which energy cannot be created or destroyed, but is transformed into other forms. In rehabilitation, a process for managing fatigue by prioritizing goals and time use, simplifying tasks, and organizing the environment to make necessary work more efficient.
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Soapsuds enema
An enema consisting of prepared soapsuds or, if liquid soap is used, 30 to 1000 ml of water. Strong soapsuds should not be used because of the danger of injuring intestinal mucosa. Mild white soaps, such as castile, are best.
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Retention enema
An enema that may be used to provide nourishment, medication, or anesthetic. It should be made from fluids that will not stimulate peristalsis. A small amount of solution (e.g., 100 to 250 ml) typically is used in adults.
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Purgative enema
A strong, high-colonic purgative that is used when other enemas fail.
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Physiological salt solution enema
An enema consisting of normal saline solution. It may be used, on rare occasions, to treat dehydration.
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Nutrient enema
An enema containing predigested foods for the purpose of giving sustenance to a patient unable to be fed otherwise.
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Lubricating enema
An enema given to soften and ease the passage of feces through the anal canal.
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High enema
An enema designed to reach most of the colon. A rubber tube is inserted into the rectum to carry water as far as possible.
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Air contrast enema
An enema in which two contrast agents, thick barium sulfate and air, are introduced simultaneously under fluoroscopic control, followed by multiple radiographs of the colon. This technique produces better visualization of mucosal lining lesions, such as polyps or diverticula, than barium enemas performed without air.
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Endurance training
Physical training for athletic events requiring prolonged effort, such as running a marathon, swimming a long distance, or climbing mountains.