Providing a liquid food preparation through a tube passed into the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, or rarely, the rectum or intravenously. This is also done through gastrostomy or duodenostomy.
The process of delivering nutrients in a manner other than orally typically involves a tube inserted through the nose into the stomach or small intestine. If artificial feeding is expected to be long-term, a tube is directly inserted into the stomach or upper small intestine during endoscopic surgery, a procedure known as enteral feeding. However, if the gastrointestinal tract isn’t functioning properly, nutrients need to be directly administered into the bloodstream, a method referred to as parenteral nutrition.
Tube feeding might be required for individuals who have trouble swallowing, or who have gastrointestinal issues (such as conditions causing malabsorption), or disorders impacting the nervous system or kidneys. Premature infants often need tube feeding if their suckling reflexes aren’t fully developed. Similarly, critically ill patients often require this method of feeding due to their elevated nutritional needs.
Nutrient preparations or food mixtures are delivered through a tube that is inserted through the patient’s nostril and directed to the stomach or duodenum. There are two methods of feeding: continuous drip feeding, where nutrients are provided steadily, and bolus feeding, where predetermined amounts of nutrients are administered at regular intervals throughout the day. With both methods, a pump is used to control the rate of food delivery.
Intravenous feeding is typically administered when extensive parts of the small intestine have been compromised by disease or surgically removed. Nutrient preparations are introduced through a catheter, which is a thin, flexible tube inserted into a large central vein near the heart and positioned under the skin.