Antiviral drugs are utilized in the treatment of viral infections; however, complete eradication of viruses has not yet been achieved. Currently, immunization stands as the most effective means of preventing severe viral infections. Nevertheless, antiviral drugs can mitigate the severity of certain viral infections, particularly herpes, influenza, viral hepatitis, and cytomegalovirus infections, especially in individuals with compromised immune systems. Notable advancements have also been made in the treatment of HIV infection.
The majority of antiviral drugs function by disrupting the essential chemical processes required for viral replication and growth within host cells. By targeting these processes, they effectively destroy viruses. In addition, certain antiviral medications can prevent viruses from entering cells altogether, providing an additional line of defense.
Antiviral drugs employed for the treatment of HIV infection and AIDS can potentially induce side effects, including nausea, diarrhea, and fatigue. Furthermore, these medications may impact blood chemistry, which can result in conditions such as anemia, characterized by a decrease in the levels of the oxygen-carrying pigment hemoglobin in the blood.
In general, most antiviral medications exhibit a low incidence of side effects. However, antiviral creams can sometimes cause skin irritation, while oral or injectable antivirals may result in symptoms such as nausea and dizziness. It is important to note that prolonged treatment with these drugs, although rare, can potentially lead to kidney damage.