A category of medications is employed in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and certain types of arthritis associated with autoimmune disorders, wherein the immune system targets the body’s own tissues, such as systemic lupus erythematosus. These medications, known as antirheumatic drugs, not only alleviate pain and stiffness but also influence the disease process, potentially limiting joint damage. Commonly used antirheumatic drugs include corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, chloroquine, penicillamine, gold, and sulfasalazine.
Antirheumatic drugs vary in their mechanisms of action, with some suppressing the production of lymphocytes (white blood cells), while others inhibit their activity. Regardless of their specific mode of action, all antirheumatic drugs share the common goal of reducing inflammation triggered by the autoimmune response and slowing down the deterioration of joint cartilage.
Numerous antirheumatic drugs carry the potential for significant side effects, necessitating their administration under the careful supervision of medical specialists. This is particularly important as the treatment extends beyond the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).